Karfe Karfe vs Bakin Karfe

1565 Ra'ayi 2025-05-09 15:34:51

Fahimta carbon karfe vs bakin karfe halaye, abũbuwan amfãni, da kuma iyakance kowane abu ne na injiniyoyi, masu zane-zane, masana'antuna, kuma duk wanda ya shiga cikin zaɓi.

Zabi nau'in hannun karfe na iya tasiri kan aikin aikin, tsawon rai, farashi, da aminci.

Wannan jagorar za ta zama zurfi cikin zurfin kwatanta carbon karfe vs bakin karfe, samar da cikakkiyar fahimta don karfafawa kai don yanke shawarar yanke shawara.

1. Gabatarwa

Karfe yana ba da tasirin karfe saboda abubuwan da ke son kulawa da jiyya na zafi na iya dacewa da shi don takamaiman kaddarorin.

Wannan karbuwar ta haifar da zuriyar ƙarfe na ƙarfe, kowannensu ya dace da mahalli daban-daban da damuwa.

Daga cikin wadannan, bambanci tsakanin carbon karfe da bakin ƙarfe shine ɗayan abubuwan injiniya mafi gama gari.

1.1 Mahimmancin carbon karfe vs bakin karfe kwatankwacin

Zabi tsakanin carbon karfe vs bakin karfe ba shine aikin ilimi ba.

Yana da ingantaccen tasiri.

Wadannan nau'ikan karfe guda biyu suna ba da bayanan martaba daban-daban, musamman game da:

• Juriya na Lalata: Wannan shi ne sau da yawa na asali, tare da bakin karfe na nuna manyan juriya ga tsatsa da sauran siffofin lalata.
• Kayayyakin Injini: Ƙarfi, taurin, tauri, da kuma bututun ruwa na iya bambanta sosai.
• Farashin: Carbon Karfe gaba ɗaya ne mai tsada gaba, Amma bakin karfe na iya bayar da ingantacciyar darajar tsawon lokaci saboda ƙarfinsa.
• Kayan ado: Bakin karfe yawanci ana zaɓa ne don tsabta, bayyanar zamani.
• FASAHA DA SIFFOFI: Bambance-bambance a cikin abin da ake ciki yana shafar wadancan sumbir, kafa, da walda.

Yin wani zabi da bai dace ba zai iya haifar da gazawar abubuwan da aka gyara, Yawan farashin kiyayewa, Haɗin kai, ko samfurin da ba dole ba.

Saboda haka, Babban fahimta na carbon karfe vs bakin karfe muhawara yana da mahimmanci don inganta zaɓi na kayan don kowane aikace-aikacen da aka bayar, daga yankuna na yau da kullun da katako mai gina jiki zuwa kayan aikin Aerospace na Teerospace.

2. Ainihin abubuwan tunani da kuma rarrabuwa

Don kwatanci yadda ya kamata carbon karfe vs bakin karfe, Dole ne mu fara kafa fahimtar abin da ya bayyana kowane abu, Abubuwan da suka dace da su, da kuma farkon rarrabuwa.

2.1 Karfe Karfe

Mutane da yawa suna yin la'akari da ƙarfe na carbon waɗanda aka fi amfani da kayan injiniya saboda yana ba kyakkyawan kyakkyawan kayan aikin injiniyan a cikin farashi mai ƙarancin tsada.

Ma'anar halayensa shine dogaro da cutar Carbon a matsayin babban abin da ya kamata ya wuce kaddarorinta.

Ma'anarsa:

Carbon Karfe shine reshen baƙin ƙarfe da carbon, Inda Carbon shine babban kayan abin da ya fi dacewa wanda ke inganta ƙarfi da ƙarfi na baƙin ƙarfe. Sauran abubuwan da zasu iya zama yawanci suna nan a cikin adadi kaɗan, sau da yawa kamar yadda ake saƙo daga aikin karfe ko da gangan aka ƙara a cikin ƙananan adadin don tayar da kaddarorin, Amma ba su canza halayenta na asali ba azaman carbon karfe.

Abun ciki:

Gidan Jami'ar (AISI) Ma'anar Carbon Karfe kamar ƙarfe a ciki:

1. Ka'idojin ba sa buƙatar mafi ƙarancin abun ciki ga Chromium, cobalt, Columum (niobium), molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, ko wani abu da aka kara don takamaiman sakamako.
2. Da ƙayyadadden mafi ƙarancin tagulla baya wuce 0.40 bisa dari.
3. Ko matsakaicin abun ciki da aka ƙayyade don kowane ɗayan abubuwa masu zuwa ba ya wuce kashi-kashi ba: manganese 1.65, siliki 0.60, jan karfe 0.60.

Makullin shine carbon (C), tare da irin abubuwan da ake amfani da su daga daftari ya zama don batun 2.11% da nauyi.

Bayan wannan abun cikin carbon, Alloy an tsara shi gaba ɗaya kamar baƙin ƙarfe.

• Manganese (Mn): Yawanci kawo zuwa 1.65%. Yana ba da gudummawa da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, Ayyukan Manzanni da Deoxidizer da Desulfurizer, kuma yana inganta aikin zafi.
• Siliki (Kuma): Yawanci har zuwa 0.60%. Yana aiki azaman deoxidizer da dan kadan yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi.
• Sulfur (S) da phosphorus (P): Waɗannan galibi suna dauke da impurities. Sulfur na iya haifar da rauni a yanayin zafi sosai (karancin zafi), Yayinda phosphorus na iya haifar da loglesness a yanayin zafi (karancin sanyi). Matakansu yawanci ana sa su kasa (misali, <0.05%).

Nau'in carbon karfe:

Carbon Belds ana rarraba da farko a cikin abubuwan carbon su, Kamar yadda wannan ke da mafi mahimmancin tasiri akan kaddarorinsu na kayan aikinsu:

1. Karamin Karfe-Carbon (M Karfe):
   • Abun cikin Carbon: Yawanci ya ƙunshi har zuwa 0.25% - 0.30% carbon (misali, AISI 1005 ku 1025).
   • Kayayyaki: In mun gwada da laushi, ductile, da sauki mura, kafa, da walda. Ƙananan ƙasa da aka kwatanta da mafi girman carbon steets. Mafi ƙarancin nau'in tsada.
   • Microstructure: Yawanci ferrika tare da wani pearlite.
   • Aikace-aikace: Dabarun jikin mota, siffofi na tsari (I-bim, tashoshi), bututu, Abubuwan gina gini, Abincin Abinci, da janar takardar aikin karfe.
2. Matsakaici-Carbon Karfe:
   • Abun cikin Carbon: Yawanci jere daga 0.25% - 0.30% ku 0.55% - 0.60% carbon (misali, AISI 1030 ku 1055).
   • Kayayyaki: Yana ba da daidaitaccen ƙarfin ƙarfi, taurin, tauri, kuma bactori. M ga magani mai zafi (quenching da fushi) don kara inganta kaddarorin injiniyoyi. Mafi wahalar tsari, walda, kuma a yanka fiye da ƙananan ƙarfe.
   • Microstructure: Ƙara yawan adadin pearlite idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan ƙarfe.
   • Aikace-aikace: Gear, shafts, axles, crankshafts, hada guda biyu, layin dogo, kayan masarufi, da abubuwan da ake buƙata suna buƙatar ƙarfi mafi girma da sanya juriya.
3. Karfe Mai Karfe (Carbon Tool Karfe):
   • Abun cikin Carbon: Yawanci jere daga 0.55% - 0.60% ku 1.00% - 1.50% carbon (misali, AISI 1060 ku 1095). Wasu abubuwan rarrabewa na iya tsawaita wannan har zuwa ~ 2.1%.
   • Kayayyaki: Da wuya, mai karfi, kuma ya mallaki juriya na sanye da juriya bayan magani mai zafi. Duk da haka, Ba shi da ƙasa da ruwa da kuma tougher (Karin Bugawa) fiye da ƙananan carbon stede. Mafi wahala don Weld da na'ura.
   • Microstructure: M pearlite da sumpentite.
   • Aikace-aikace: Yankan kayan aiki (Chisels, rawar soja), maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, M Wayoyi masu ƙarfi, gwada, ya mutu, da aikace-aikace inda matsanancin ƙarfi da sanya juriya sune bukatun farko.
4. Ult-carbon karfe:
   • Abun cikin Carbon: Kimanin 1.25% ku 2.0% carbon.
   • Kayayyaki: Za a iya zama mai tsananin ƙarfi. Amfani da musamman, dalilai da ba masana'antu kamar wukake, axles, ko bugun jini.

Wannan rarrabuwa dangane da abun cikin Carbon shine na asali cikin fahimtar carbon karfe vs bakin karfe gwadawa, Kamar yadda yake saita kayan kwalliya na carbon buns.

2.2 Bakin Karfe

Bakin karfe yana tsaye daga yawancin carbon suttukan don ainihin lalata juriya.

Wannan halayyar ta taso daga takamaiman abin da aka tsara.

Ma'anarsa:

Bakin karfe shine reshen baƙin ƙarfe wanda ya ƙunshi mafi ƙarancin 10.5% chromium (Cr) ta taro.

Da Chrisium siffofin m, YADDA YAWARA LATSA A CIKIN SAUKI NA BIYU, wanda ke kare shi daga lalata da kuma cikewa.

Wannan shi ne wannan abun ciki na Chromium wanda ya fara rarrabe bakin karfe daga wasu toka.

Abun ciki:

Banda baƙin ƙarfe da ma'anar Chromium, bakin karfe na iya ƙunsar wasu abubuwa daban-daban na abubuwan ban mamaki don haɓaka takamaiman kaddarorin kamar tsari, ƙarfi, da kuma juriya na lalata a musamman.

• Chromium (Cr): Muhimmin kashi, m 10.5%. Mafi girman abun ciki na chromium gabaɗaya yana inganta juriya na lalata.
• Nickel (A ciki): Sau da yawa ƙara don magance tsarin Austenitic (Duba nau'ikan da ke ƙasa), wanda ke inganta bututun ruwa, tauri, da weldability. Hakanan inganta juriya a lalata juriya a wasu mahalli.
• Molybdenum (Mo): Inganta juriya zuwa pitting da ganyayyaki, musamman a cikin mahalli na chloride-dauke da (kamar ruwan teku). Hakanan yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi a cikin yanayin zafi.
• Manganese (Mn): Za a iya amfani dashi azaman mai tsafta na Austenite (A canza nickel a wasu maki) kuma yana inganta ƙarfi da aiki mai zafi.
• Siliki (Kuma): Aiki a matsayin deoxizer da inganta juriya ga hadawa da hadawa a tsananin yanayin zafi.
• Carbon (C): A cikin bakin karfe, Amma abun ciki yana sarrafawa a hankali. A cikin Ausrenitic da Ferritic maki, ƙananan carbon an fi son hana jan hankali (Tsarin cromum carbide, Rage juriya na lalata). A cikin maki na Martensitic, Ana buƙatar mafi girman carbon don taurin kai.
• Nitrogen (N): Yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi da kuma jefa juriya na lalata, kuma yana daidaita tsarin Austenitic.
• Sauran abubuwa: Titanium (Na), Tazibum (Nb), Copper (Ku), Sulfur (S) (Don inganta machin cikin wasu maki), Selenium (Da), Aluminum (Al), da dai sauransu., Za a iya ƙara don takamaiman dalilai.

Iri na bakin karfe:

Bakin ƙarfe da farko an rarraba su gwargwadon ƙarfin microstruchucture, wanda aka ƙaddara shi ta hanyar magunguna (Musamman chromium, nickel, da abubuwan carbon):

Ausenitic bakin karfe:

High a chromium da nickel, Bayar da kyakkyawan lalata juriya, tsari, da weldability.

Amfani da shi a cikin sarrafa abinci, na'urorin likitanci, da aikace-aikacen gine-gine. Ba a wuya ta hanyar magani mai zafi ba.

Ferritic bakin karfe:

Dauke mafi girma chromium tare da kadan ko babu nickel. Ƙarin tsada-tasiri, maganadisu, da kuma matsakaici lalata lalata-rai.

Yawanci ana amfani dashi a cikin tsarin shaye-shaye da kayan aikin gida. Ba zafi mai cinyewa don taurarin.

Martensitic bakin karfe:

Mafi girman abun ciki na Carbon yana ba da damar hardening ta hanyar magani mai zafi. Da aka sani da babban ƙarfi da ƙarfi.

Amfani a wukake, bawuloli, da kayan inji.

DUMLEX Bakin Karfe:

Hada wani yanki da ferritic, samar da karfi da kyau m corroomation.

Mafi dacewa ga mahalli kamar marine, sarrafa sinadarai, da tsarin bututun.

Hazo-hardening (PH) Bakin Karfe:

Zai iya cimma karfi sosai ta hanyar magani mai zafi yayin da muke rike kyawawan halayyar lalata juriya.

Gama gari a cikin Aerospace da manyan kayan aikin injiniyoyi.

Fahimtar wadannan muhimmiyar hujja tana da mahimmanci don godiya ga ayyukan jama'a a cikin carbon karfe vs bakin karfe gwadawa.

Gaban akalla 10.5% Chromium a cikin bakin karfe shine dutsen tushe na halayensa na halayyar sa: juriya lalata.

3. Bincike game da bambance bambancen aikin: Karfe Karfe vs Bakin Karfe

Shawarar yin amfani carbon karfe vs bakin karfe Sau da yawa hinges a kan cikakken kwatancen halayen aikinsu na Core.

Duk da yake duka sune tushen baƙin ƙarfe, Abubuwan da suka bambanta da abubuwan da suka bambanta suna haifar da mahimman bambance-bambancen yanayi a cikin yadda suke nuna hali a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

3.1 Juriya na Lalata

Wannan yana da haɗari sosai kuma sanannun bambanci a cikin carbon karfe vs bakin karfe yi muhawara.

Karfe Karfe:

Carbon bakin karfe yana da juriya mara lahani.

Lokacin da aka fallasa danshi da oxygen, baƙin ƙarfe a carbon karfe na oxidizes don ƙirƙirar oxide other, wanda aka fi sani da tsatsa.

Wannan Layer Layer yawanci mai kyau ne kuma mai laushi, Bayar da kariya ga ƙarfe mai rauni, Bada izinin lalacewa don ci gaba, yuwuwar haifar da rashin tsari.

Kudi na lalata ya dogara da dalilai na muhalli kamar gumi, zafin jiki, gaban salts (misali, A cikin yanki na bakin teku ko kayan ado na-icing), da kuma gurbata (misali, Juphur mahadi).

Don hana ko rage rauni, Carbon Karfe Kusan koyaushe yana buƙatar ɗoratewa (misali, fenti, galvanizing, gwada) ko wasu matakan kulawa da lalacewa (misali, Kariyar Cathodiic).

 

Bakin Karfe:

Bakin karfe, saboda mafi karancin 10.5% abun ciki na chromum, NUNA MAGANAR CIKIN SAUKI.

Chrisium ya amsa tare da oxygen a cikin yanayin samar da bakin ciki sosai, m, m, da kuma gyaran kai na m cromium oxide (Croco₃) a saman.

Wannan Layacin Layer yana aiki azaman shamaki, hana haduwa da iskar shawa da lalata da baƙin ƙarfe.

Idan farfajiya ya karye ko lalacewa, Chromium da sauri yana amsawa da oxygen don sake fasalin wannan Layer ɗin kariya, wani sabon abu sau da yawa ake magana a kai "warkarwa da kai."

Matsayi na juriya na lalata a cikin bakin karfe ya danganta da takamaiman alloy abun da ke ciki:

• Mafi girman abun ciki na chromium gabaɗaya yana inganta juriya na lalata.
• Nickel Inganta Janar juriya Janar Jinjini da Resistance ga wasu acid.
• Molybdenum muhimmanci yana inganta juriya zuwa pitting da ganyayyaki, musamman a wuraren da ke da wadataccen sinadarin chloride.

Ausenitic bakin karfe (kamar 304 kuma 316) gaba daya suna ba da mafi kyawun-kewaye da juriya.

Grad na Ferritic kuma suna ba da juriya, yayin da martabar, Saboda mafi girman abun ciki na Carbon da Microstructure daban-daban, yawanci ba su da tsayayya da juriya ko ferritics tare da matakan comomium irin.

DUMLEX Birts Yin Juriya don Musamman siffofin lalata kamar jikoki.

Takaitawa don juriya juriya: A cikin carbon karfe vs bakin karfe gwadawa, bakin karfe shine mafi girman nasara ga juriya na juriya.

3.2 Taurin kai da sanya juriya

Hardness abu ne na juriya na kayan filastik na filastik, Irin su shiga ko murkushewa.

Saka juriya shine iyawarsa don tsayayya da lalacewa da asarar abu saboda rikici, abrasion, ko lalacewa.

Karfe Karfe:

Da wuya da kuma sanya juriya na carbon karfe ana tantance ainihin abin da ya dace da maganin zafi.

• Low-carbon seves suna da laushi mai laushi kuma ba su da ƙarancin juriya.
• Matsakaici-Carbon Karfe na iya samun ƙarfin matsakaici da sanya juriya, musamman bayan maganin zafi.
• Babban carbon seves na iya zama zafi-kulawa (quenched da kuma hadin kai) Don cimma manyan matakan wahala da kyau kyakkyawan sa juriya, Yin su ya dace da kayan yankan da sakin sassan. Gaban carbides (kamar carbide baƙin ƙarfe, Fe₃c ko ciminti) A cikin microstruiture yana ba da gudummawa yana ba da gudummawa sosai don sa juriya.

Bakin Karfe:

Da wuya da sanya juriya na bakin karfe dabam dabam cikin nau'ikan daban-daban:

• Ausenitic bakin karfe (misali, 304, 316) suna da taushi cikin yanayin da suke ciki amma zai iya zama da ƙarfi sosai ta hanyar aiki (ciki hardening). Kullum suna da matsakaici na sa juriya amma suna iya fama da galling (wani nau'i na sawa da ke haifar da ƙwararrakin tsakanin faifai saman) a karkashin manyan kaya ba tare da lubrication ba.
• Ferritic bakin karfe suma sun zama mai laushi sosai kuma ba wuya ta hanyar magani mai zafi. Saka juriya yana da matsakaici.
• Martensitic bakin karfe (misali, 410, 420, 440C) an tsara su musamman da za a taurare ta hanyar magani mai zafi. Zasu iya samun matakan wuya sosai (m ga ko ma wuce manyan-carbon silli) kuma nuna kyakkyawan sa juriya, musamman maki tare da manyan carbon mafi girma da kuma abun ciki na chromium wanda ke da wuya chromium carbides.
• DUMLEX Birts Karfe Gabaɗaya suna da mafi girman ƙarfi da mafi kyawun juriya fiye da maki na yau da kullun saboda ƙarfi.
• Hazo-hardening (PH) bakin karfe na iya samun babban ƙarfi da kuma kyakkyawan sa juriya bayan jiyya na tsufa.

Takaitawa saboda wahala da sanya juriya:

Lokacin da aka kwatanta carbon karfe vs bakin karfe Don waɗannan kaddarorin:

• Heat-kula da manyan-carbon stedeji da zafi-da aka bi da zafin rana-carnensitic bakin karfe na iya cimma mafi girman matakan wahala da sa juriya.
• Austrenitic da ferritic bakin karfe gabaɗaya sun fi softer kuma suna da ƙananan juriya fiye da taurare carbon silli, sai dai idan mai yawan sanyi (ausenitic).

3.3 Rashin hankali da juriya

Tauri abu ne na abu don ɗaukar makamashi da kuma rashin ƙarfi. Tasirin da Jurewa yana nufin musamman ga iyawarsa ta tsayayya da kwatsam, High-kudi Loading (tasiri).

Karfe Karfe:

Haɗin Carbon Karfe yana da alaƙa da Abun Carbon da Harshen.

• Low-carbon seves gaba daya mai tsauri ne kuma durtile, nuna kyakkyawan tasiri tasiri, musamman a daki da kuma yanayin zafi. Duk da haka, za su iya zama daɗa a yanayin zafi sosai (Ductile-to-rarar zazzabi, DBTT).
• Matsakaici-Carbon Steets suna ba da ma'aunin ƙarfi da ƙarfi.
• Babban carbon, musamman lokacin da ya taurare, suna da ƙananan tauri kuma sun fi ƙarfin gwiwa, Ma'ana suna da ƙananan tasiri.

Maganin zafi (kamar zafin jiki bayan ya sha) yana da mahimmanci don inganta ta daurin matsakaici da manyan ƙarfe-carbon.

Bakin Karfe:

Taula ya bambanta sosai tare da nau'in baƙin ƙarfe:

• Ausenitic bakin karfe (misali, 304, 316) nuna kyakkyawar wahala da juriya, har ma zuwa yanayin zafi. Ba sa yawanci nuna canzawa ta ductile. Wannan yana sa su zama da kyau don aikace-aikacen matsakaici.
• Ferritic bakin karfe gabaɗaya suna da ƙananan tauri fiye da Ausenitics, musamman a sassan kauna ko a yanayin zafi. Za su iya nuna DBTT. Wasu maki suna iya yiwuwa ga "475 ° C.
• Martensitic bakin karfe, Lokacin da ya taurare zuwa matakan ƙarfi, ayan samun ƙananan tauri kuma yana iya zama da ƙarfi. Zizuki yana inganta tauri amma sau da yawa a kashe wani wahala.
• Drlex bakin karfe gabaɗaya suna ba da kyau, sau da yawa mafi girman maki zuwa ferritic maki a cikin manyan matakai a daidai iyaka matakan, Kodayake ba yawanci ba kamar yadda aka yi maki ashirin da yawa a yanayin zafi sosai.
• PH bakin karfe na iya cimma tauri tare da ƙarfi, Ya danganta da takamaiman magani na tsufa.

Takaitawa saboda wahala da juriya:

A cikin carbon karfe vs bakin karfe mahalli:

• Ausenitic bakin karfe gabaɗaya suna ba da mafi kyawun haɗuwa da juriya mai tasiri, musamman a yanayin zafi.
• Ƙananan-carbon seves ma wuya amma ana iya iyakance ta DBTT.
• Babban carbon sexs da taurarin Martensitic bakin karfe sukan kasance suna da karancin wahala.

3.4 Tenerile ƙarfi da elongation

Ƙarfin ƙarfi (Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi, UTS) shine matsakaicin damuwa abu ne na iya tsayayya da shi ko aka ja kafin a wuya.

Elongation shine ma'aunin cizo, wakiltar yawan kayan da zai iya lalata ƙasa kafin fashewar.

Karfe Karfe:

• Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi: Yana ƙaruwa tare da abubuwan carbon kuma tare da magani mai zafi (na matsakaici da manyan karfe-carbon).
  • Low-carbon karfe: ~ 400-550 MPa (58-80 ksi)
  • Matsakaici-carbon karfe (Anane): ~ 550-700 MPa (80-102 ksi); (zafi-kula): na iya zama mafi girma, har zuwa 1000+ MPa.
  • Babban carbon karfe (zafi-kula): Iya wuce 1500-2000 MPa (217-290 ksi) Ga wasu maki da jiyya.
• Tsawaitawa: Gabaɗaya yana raguwa azaman abun ciki na carbon da karuwar ƙarfi. Low-carbon seves suna da hankali (misali, 25-30% elongation), Yayinda ya taurare manyan-carbon seves suna da elongation sosai (<10%).

Bakin Karfe:

• Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi:
  • Austenitic (misali, 304 Anane): ~ 515-620 MPa (75-90 ksi). Za a iya ƙara ƙaruwa da sanyi ta hanyar aiki (misali, a kan 1000 MPa).
  • Ferritic (misali, 430 Anane): ~ 450-520 MPa (65-75 ksi).
  • Martensitic (misali, 410 zafi-kula): Na iya kasancewa daga ~ 500 MPA don ƙarewa 1300 MPa (73-190 ksi) Ya danganta da magani mai zafi. 440C na iya zama mafi girma.
  • Duplex (misali, 2205): ~ 620-800 MPa (90-116 ksi) ko sama.
  • Pine steets (misali, 17-4Ph zafi-da aka kula): Na iya cimma karfi sosai, misali, 930-1310 MPa (135-190 ksi).
• Tsawaitawa:
  • Austenitic: Elongation mai kyau a cikin jihar Anane (misali, 40-60%), yana raguwa da aikin sanyi.
  • Ferritic: Matsakaici elongation (misali, 20-30%).
  • Martensitic: Ƙananan elongation, musamman lokacin da ya taurare zuwa matakan ƙarfi (misali, 10-20%).
  • Duplex: Mai kyau elongation (misali, 25% ko fiye).

Takaitawa ga karfin da elongation:

The carbon karfe vs bakin karfe kwatanta yana nuna kewayon da yawa:

• Dukansu iyalai zasu iya cimma tenarfafa tenarfafa ta hanyar kwanciya da magani mai zafi (Babban ƙarfe-carbon sel da Martensitic / PL bakin bakin karfe).
• Ƙananan-carbon sirble da aned Ausenitic bakin karfe suna ba da mafi kyawun cizo (elongation).
• Babban ƙarfi-karfin duka biyu suna da ƙananan ƙasa.

3.5 Bayyanar da jiyya na samaniya

Aestenics da nesa gama galibi suna da mahimmanci la'akari, musamman don samfuran masu amfani ko aikace-aikacen gine-gine.

Karfe Karfe:

Karfe carbon yawanci yana da maras ban sha'awa, Matte launin toka mai launin shuɗi. Yana da yiwuwa a farfajiyar hadawa (tsawa) Idan bai bar ba shi da kariya, Wanne ne wanda ba a ke so ba saboda yawancin aikace-aikacen.
Tsarin jiyya: Don inganta bayyanar kuma samar da kariya ta lalata, Carbon Karfe kusan koyaushe ana bi da shi. Magani gama gari sun hada da:

• Zane: Da yawa kewayon launuka da ƙarewa.
• Rufin Foda: M da m gama.
• Galvanizing: Inating tare da zinc ga kariya ga lalata lalata (Sakamako a cikin spogled ko Matte launin toka mai launin shuɗi).
• Gwada: Shafi tare da sauran karafa kamar chromium (kayan kwalliya na ado), nickel, ko cadmium don bayyanar da kariya.
• Bling ko Black Exide Coating: Sarkar sutturar sunadarai waɗanda ke ba da juriya da raunin kai da bayyanar duhu, sau da yawa ana amfani da su don kayan aiki da bindigogi.

Bakin Karfe:

Bakin karfe sun shahara da kyan gani, m, da bayyanar zamani. Layer passsive combiniide Layer ne m, Bada izinin ƙarfe na ƙarfe don nuna ta.
Saman gama: Bakin karfe za a iya kawo tare da iri-iri na niƙa ko kuma ƙara sarrafawa don cimma takamaiman sakamako na yau da kullun:

• Mill na kare (misali, A'a. 1, 2B, 2D): Bambanta daga mara nauyi ga mai nunawa. 2B wani abu ne na yau da kullun-manufa mai sanyi.
• An goge ta ƙare (misali, A'a. 4, A'a. 8 Madubi): Na iya kewayewa daga goge satin (A'a. 4) Zuwa mafi yawan karin haske (A'a. 8). Ana samun waɗannan ta hanyar americation.
• Rubutun da ya ƙare: Za'a iya fitar da alamu ko kuma a yi birgima cikin farfajiya ko dalilai na aiki (misali, Ingantaccen riko, rage tsananin haske).
• Launin karfe: Cimma ta hanyar sinadarai ko hanyoyin zina wanda yake canza kauri daga cikin Layer, Kirkirar launuka, ko ta hanyar pvd (Ajiyayyen tururi) sutura.

Bakin karfe gabaɗaya ba ya buƙatar zanen ko rufi don kariya ta lalata, wanda zai iya zama muhimmin amfani na dogon lokaci. Cindarfinta mafi yawan lokuta shine mafi mahimmancin dalili.

Takaitawa don bayyanar da jiyya na saman:

A cikin carbon karfe vs bakin karfe kwatantawa don bayyanar:

• Bakin karfe yana ba da yanayi mai kyau da kuma lalata jiki-resistant wanda zai iya inganta haɓaka.
• Carbon Carbon na buƙatar Jiyya na Duka Duka Duka Daidai da Kariyar Corrous.

4. Kwatawar juriya: Karfe Karfe vs Bakin Karfe (In-zurfin)

Bambanci a cikin juriya na lalata yana da asali ne ga Ubangiji carbon karfe vs bakin karfe yanke shawara cewa yana ba da cikakkiyar gwaji.

4.1 Kayan lalata asali

Corroson shine lalata a hankali na kayan (yawanci karafa) ta hanyar sunadarai ko na lantarki tare da yanayin su.

Don allurar baƙin ƙarfe kamar ƙarfe, Mafi yawan tsari na yau da kullun yana tsayawa.

• Lalata carbon karfe (Tsawa):
  A lokacin da Carbon Karfe ya fallasa zuwa yanayin da ke ɗauke da yanayin oxygen da danshi (har da zafi a cikin iska), An kafa tantanin lantarki a farfajiya.
  1. Anodic dauki: Iron (Fe) Atoms sun sha ruwa (oxidize) don zama alƙawarin ƙarfe (Fe da):
     Fe → f²⁺ + 2e⁻
  2. Coatodic dauki: Oksijen (O ₂) da ruwa (Hayan) a kan saman yarda da wadannan wayoyin lantarki (saukad da):
     O ₂ + 2Hayan + 4e → 4oh⁻ (a tsaka tsaki ko yanayin alkaline)
     ko O₂ + 4Ha + 4E⁻ → 2h₂o (A cikin yanayin acidic)
  3. Samuwar tsatsa: Baƙin ƙarfe ions (Fe da) sannan ka amsa tare da hydroxide ions (Oh) kuma kara tare da oxygen don samar da rubutattun baƙin ƙarfe iri iri, tare da aka sani da tsatsa. Tsari gama gari shine ferric hydroxide, Fe(Wanda)₃, wanda ya bushe zuwa ga F₂o₃ · Nh₂o.
     Fe da + 2Oh → fe(Wanda)₂ (ferrous hydroxide)
     4Fe(Wanda)₂ + O ₂ + 2Huit → 4le(Wanda)₃ (ferric hydroxide - tsatsa)
     Tsarin tsatsa ya kafa a kan carbon karfe yawanci:

• M: Yana ba da damar danshi da iskar oxygen don shiga ƙarfe na ƙasa.
• Wanda ba shi da ma'ana / Flaky: Zai iya sauƙaƙe, Fitar da farin ƙarfe zuwa m haramun.
• Voneous: Tsinkayen da ya mamaye babbar girma fiye da baƙin ƙarfe, wanda zai iya haifar da damuwa da lalacewa a cikin tsarin.

Don haka, Corroson a Carbon Karfe tsari ne mai yaduwa sai an kare karfe.

4.2 Anti-cankroon matakan carbon karfe

Saboda saurin kamuwa da lalata, Karfe na Carbon kusan koyaushe yana buƙatar matakan kariya lokacin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin mahalli da iskar oxygen.

Dabarun gama gari sun hada da:

1. Kayan kwalliya: Ƙirƙirar shinge na zahiri tsakanin ƙarfe da yanayin lalata.
   • Zane-zane da kayan kwalliyar kwayoyin halitta: Samar da wani shamaki kuma yana iya dauke da masu hana lalata lalata. Yana buƙatar ingantaccen shiri mai kyau don kyakkyawan m. Batun lalacewa da yanayin yanayi, na bukatar sake farfadewa.
   • Motar ƙarfe:
     • Galvanizing: Shafi tare da zinc (zafi-diji galvanizing ko lantarki). Zinc ya fi mai aiki fiye da baƙin ƙarfe, Don haka shi corfodes da fifiko (Kariya ta asali ko Ka'idar Kare) koda an tsage shi.
     • Gwada: Shafi tare da karafa kamar chromium, nickel, tin, ko cadmium. Wasu suna ba da shingen shinge, wasu (kamar chrome akan nickel) Bayar da kayan ado da kuma jingina-tsayayya.
   • Canji sutturar: Sakatarwar sunadarai kamar phosphoring ko baki oxide shafi, wanda ya haifar da bakin ciki, ASHERENT Layer wanda ke ba da juriya da m curroson da inganta fenshari na.
2. Alloying (Low-alloy lebur): Kananan tarawa na abubuwa kamar jan ƙarfe, chromium, nickel, da phosphorus zai iya inganta juriya na lalata a zahiri ta hanyar samar da mafi yawan maharan (misali, "Landswallon zafi" kamar Cor-Ten®). Duk da haka, Waɗannan har yanzu basu da kwatankwacin bakin karfe.
3. Kariyar Cathodiic: Yin tsarin karfe carbon bakin kotunan lantarki na tantanin lantarki.
   • Aikin hadaya: Haɗa ƙarin m karfe (kamar zinc, magnesium, ko aluminum) cewa corrodes maimakon karfe karfe.
   • Burge halin yanzu: Amfani da DC na waje don tilasta karfe don zama Katako.
     Amfani da manyan tsarin kamar bututun, jirgin ruwa, da tankuna ajiya.
4. Muhallin muhalli: Gyara yanayin don sanya shi ƙasa da lalata, misali, ɓata lokaci, ta amfani da masu hana lalata lalata a cikin tsarin rufewa.

Waɗannan matakai suna ƙarawa da farashi da rikice-rikice na amfani da ƙarfe carbon amma galibi suna da mahimmanci don cimma nasarar sabis ɗin da aka yarda da su.

4.3 "Warkar da kai" fim ɗin oxdede na bakin karfe

Samarwa:

Bakin karfe (≥10.5% cr) Kimanin bakin ciki, tsayayye chromium oxide (Croco₃) Layer lokacin da aka fallasa ga oxygen (iska ko ruwa):
2Cr + 3/2 O ₂ → cr₂o₃
Wannan fim ɗin m shine kawai 1-5 nan gaba ne kawai lokacin da yake kauri amma ka yi biyayya ga farfajiya kuma ya hana kara morrosion.

Abubuwan Maɓalli:

• Kariya: Toshe abubuwa masu lalata da aka samu daga zuwa karfe.
• Emolicy baranci: Crono₃ ya sake kaiwa hari a yawancin mahalli.
• Son kai: Idan ya yi karo, Tsarin sake fasalin Layatawa a cikin kasancewar oxygen.
• M: Don haka bakin ciki cewa ƙarfe na ƙarfe na ya kasance a bayyane.

Abubuwa haɓaka yawan aiki:

• Chromium: Karin cr = fim mai karfi.
• Molybdenum (Mo): Yana inganta juriya ga chlawaye (misali, in 316).
• Nickel (A ciki): Tsayar da juna austenite da kuma inganta juriya na lalata a acid.
• Tsabtace farfajiya: Santsi, Fortherinant-free surfaces mafi kyau.

Iyakantarwa - lokacin da muryakar mai lalacewa:

• Harin Chloride: Yana haifar da pitting da ganyayyaki.
• Rage acid: Zai iya narkar da muryoyi mai sauƙi.
• Rashin oxygen: Babu oxygen = babu pastovation.
• M: Jinadar zafi mai zafi tana haifar da matsala a kan iyakokin hatsi; mitigated by ƙananan carbon ko tsayayyen maki (misali, 304L, 316L).

Kammalawa:

Kodayake ba mai iya magana ba, bakin karfe na warkar da kai na warkarwa yana ba shi sama, juriya mai karewar-karancin rauni - daya daga cikin manyan fa'idodinta sama da carbon karfe.

5. Karfe Karfe vs Bakin Karfe: Sarrafa da Manufacturing

Bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin sunadarai da microstructure tsakanin carbon karfe vs bakin karfe kuma haifar da bambance-bambancen a cikin halayensu yayin aiwatarwa gama gari da ayyukan masana'antu.

5.1 Yanke, Samar da, da waldi

Wadannan abubuwa ne na gwaji, da zabi na nau'in karfe mai mahimmanci yana tasiri su.

Yanke:

• Karfe Karfe:
  • Ƙananan-carbon seves gaba ɗaya ne don yanka ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban: sarzami, sa, plasma yankan, yankan oxy (Yankunan wuta), da yankan laser.
  • Matsakaici da manyan ƙarfe-carbon sun zama da wahala a yanka a matsayin abun ciki Carbon yana ƙaruwa. Yankan oxy-mai har yanzu yana da tasiri, Amma ana iya buƙatar preheating don sassan farin carbon mafi girma don hana fatattaka. Machining (sa, niƙa) yana buƙatar kayan kayan aiki na yau da kullun da sauri.
• Bakin Karfe:
  • Ausenitic bakin karfe (misali, 304, 316) An san su da yawan ayyukansu na babban aiki da ƙananan halayen da aka ƙudura a kan carbon karfe. Wannan na iya sa su zama ƙalubale don in yi na'ura (sare, rawar soja, niƙa). Suna buƙatar kayan aiki masu kaifi, m setutos, saurin gudu, mafi girma abinci, da kuma kyakkyawan linkrication / sanyaya don hana suturar kayan aiki da taurarin motsa jiki. Plasma yankan da yankan laser suna da tasiri. Ba a yanke su yawanci ta hanyoyin oxy-mai saboda Oromaium na Chromium yana hana haduwa ta haushi da ake buƙata don aiwatarwa.
  • Ferritic bakin karfe gabaɗaya ne sau ɗaya mafi sauƙin aiki fiye da ausenitics, tare da halayya kusa da ƙananan carbon, Amma zai iya zama ɗan "gummy."
  • Martensitic bakin karfe a cikin mutanen da suka gabata sune mama, amma na iya zama kalubale. A cikin yanayin da suka taurare, Suna da wuya a yi amfani da injin kuma yawanci suna buƙatar nika.
  • DUMLEX Bakin karfe suna da karfi da ƙarfi da aiki-harden da sauri, sa su more wuya ga inji fiye da Ausenitics. Suna buƙatar kwararre kayan aiki da ƙa'idodi.

Samar da (Lanƙwasa, Zane, Staming):

• Karfe Karfe:
  • Ƙananan-carbon sevel da aka ƙirƙira saboda kyakkyawan siginar da ƙarfi. Za su iya yin lalata ƙirjin filastik ba tare da fatattaka ba.
  • Matsakaici da manyan ƙarfe-carbon sun rage yawan tsari. Forming sau da yawa yana buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfi, mafi girma lend radii, kuma na iya buƙatar yin a cikin yanayin zafi ko a yanayin da aka yi.
• Bakin Karfe:
  • Ausenitic bakin karfe suna da tsari sosai saboda yawan zaminsu da kuma elongation mai kyau, Duk da halinsu na aiki-taurara. Aikin hardening na iya zama da amfani a wasu ayyukan samar da tsari yayin da yake kara karfin wani bangare. Duk da haka, Hakanan yana nufin mafi girman ƙarfin tsari na iya buƙata idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan carbon, da kuma Springback zai iya zama sun faɗi.
  • Ferritic bakin karfe gabaɗaya suna da kyakkyawan tsari, kama da ko kadan da kadan-carbon karfe, amma ana iya iyakance ta ƙananan bututunsu idan aka kwatanta da Austenitics.
  • Martensitic bakin karfe suna da ƙarancin tsari, musamman a cikin taurarin. Ana yin tsari yawanci a cikin jihar Anane.
  • Duplex Birts suna da ƙarfi mafi girma da ƙananan cizo sama da ausenitics, sa su more wuya don samar. Suna buƙatar haɓaka ƙarfi da hankali sosai da hankali sosai ga lanƙwasa radiiya.

Walda:

Gabaɗaya ƙirƙira: A cikin carbon karfe vs bakin karfe Kwatantawa ga ƙirar gabaɗaya, Low-carbon karfe sau da yawa shine mafi sauƙin aiki kuma mafi arha don aiki tare. Ausenitic bakin karfe, yayin da ake iya tabbatarwa da walwal, gabatar da ƙalubale na musamman kamar aikin hardening kuma yana buƙatar dabaru daban-daban da kuma abubuwan da suka dace.

5.2 Tsarin magani mai zafi

Jiyya mai zafi ya ƙunshi dumama da sanyaya kayan ƙarfe don canza microstructure kuma ku cimma kaddarorin da ake so.

Karfe Karfe:

Kirtani carbon, musamman matsakaici da manyan maki-carbon maki, suna da martaba sosai ga cututtukan zafi daban-daban:

• Annealing: Dumama da jinkirin sanyaya don taushi da karfe, Inganta bututun ruwa da mama, da kuma sauƙaƙa damuwa na ciki.
• M: Zafa sama da miyancin zafin jiki da iska mai sanyaya don gyara tsarin hatsi da inganta daidaitattun kaddarorin.
• Taurare (Quenching): Zama ga zazzabi austenitizing sannan da sauri (quenching) cikin ruwa, mai, ko iska don sauyawa austenite cikin martensite, lokaci mai wahala da labiri. Kawai karfe tare da isasshen abubuwan carbon (yawanci >0.3%) za a iya taurare ta hanyar quenching.
• Haushi: Rage maimaitawa (taurare) Karfe Zuwa Zuwa Zama na Kasa, rike lokaci na lokaci, sannan sanyaya. Wannan ya rage karfin liyafa, Yana sauƙaƙe damuwa, kuma yana inganta tauri, yawanci tare da wani rage wuya da ƙarfi. Ana sarrafa kaddarorin ƙarshe ta hanyar zafin jiki.
• Case Hardening (Carburizing, Ba da izini, da dai sauransu.): Kayayyakin Tsarin Kayayyakin Kaman Carbon na Carbon ko nitrogen a cikin farfajiyar Karfe na Carbon don ƙirƙirar wuya, Wear-mai jure yanayin waje yayin da ke riƙe da wuya.

Bakin Karfe:

Amsoshin yawan zafin jiki sun bambanta da nau'ikan ƙarfe na bakin ciki:

• Ausenitic bakin karfe: Ba za a iya taurare ta hanyar magani mai zafi ba (quenching da fushi) saboda tsarinsu na yau da kullun.
  • Annealing (Magani Annealing): Hajewa zuwa zazzabi mai zafi (misali, 1000-1150° C ko 1850-2100 ° F) ya biyo shi da sauri (Ruwa Quench don sassan Thicker) Don soke duk wani carbides wanda aka precipign kuma tabbatar da cikakken tsarin aji. Wannan kayan abu mai laushi, Yana sauƙaƙe damuwa daga aiki mai sanyi, kuma kara yawan juriya.
  • Rage damuwa: Za a iya yi a ƙananan yanayin zafi, Amma kulawa ana buƙata don guje wa abin hankali a cikin waɗanda ba ta da yawa.
• Ferritic bakin karfe: Gabaɗaya ba da ƙarfin magani ba. Yawancin lokaci ana iya danganta su don inganta karkara da kuma rage damuwa. Wasu maki zasu sha wahala daga matchitritle idan an riƙe shi a wasu reri.
• Martensitic bakin karfe: An tsara su musamman da za a taurare ta hanyar magani mai zafi. Tsarin ya shafi:
  • Austenitizing: Hajewa zuwa zazzabi mai zafi don ƙirƙirar Austenite.
  • Quenching: M sanyaya (a cikin mai ko iska, Ya danganta da aji) Don canza Austenite zuwa Martensite.
  • Haushi: Koma zuwa takamaiman zazzabi don cimma daidaito na wuya, ƙarfi, da tauri.
• DUMLEX Bakin Karfe: Yawanci ana kawota a cikin mafita-arramed yanayin da quenched yanayi. Jiyya na anealing (misali, 1020-1100° C ko 1870-2010 ° F) Yana da mahimmanci don cimma daidaitaccen daidaitaccen lokaci-Austenite da narkewa da duk wani matakai masu amfani da su.
• Hazo-hardening (PH) Bakin Karfe: Tafiya magani biyu:
  • Magani na Magani (Annealing): Makamancin zuwa ushenitic undaling, Don sanya abubuwa masu tsari a cikin ingantaccen bayani.
  • Tsufa (Hazo Hardening): Koma zuwa zazzabi mai matsakaici (misali, 480-620° C ko 900-1150 ° F) Don takamaiman lokacin don ba da damar kyakkyawan barbashi don hazo, sosai yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi.

The carbon karfe vs bakin karfe Kwatanta ya bayyana cewa yayin da yawancin carbon bbon rely dogara sosai kan quenching da zafin rana don kaddarorinsu na ƙarshe, Lafiya na lafiya yana fuskantar da bakin karfe na bakin ciki sun bambanta sosai, wanda aka daidaita shi zuwa takamaiman nau'in microstruitation.

6. Karfe Karfe vs Bakin Karfe: Yankunan aikace-aikace

Daban-daban kaddarorin na carbon karfe vs bakin karfe a zahiri kai na kai su a cikin bangarorin aikace-aikace daban-daban. Zaɓuɓɓukan ana tura su ta hanyar buƙatun aiki, yanayin muhalli, tsammanin tsawon rai, da tsada.

6.1 Yankunan aikace-aikace na bakin karfe

Bakin karfe na farko fa'idodin juriya-Corrosion-hade tare da roko na gaske, Abubuwan da ke kanjada, da kyakkyawar ƙarfi a cikin maki da yawa, ya sanya ya dace da kewayon aikace-aikacen da yawa:

Sarrafa abinci da dafuwa:

• Kayan aiki: Tanummai, vats, bututu, isar, Shirin saman abinci a cikin abinci da shuke-shuke shuke-shuke (yawanci 304l, 316L don hygiene da juriya na lalata).
• Kokanta da kayan dafa abinci da cutery: Tukwane, kwano, wukake, cokali mai yatsu, spoons (daban-daban maki kamar 304, 410, 420, 440C).
• Kayan kayan kitchen: nutsewa, mawakasa, firiji, tanda.

Likita da magunguna:

• Kayan aikin M: Dalletsi, ƙarfi, clamps (MARTSENTIC GRADES kamar 420, 440C saboda wuya da kaifi; wasu ausenititics kamar 316l).
• Rashin lafiyar likita: Sauya hade (kwatangwalo, gwiwoyi), ƙashin ƙashi, hakori implants (biocompomic da aka ba da izini kamar 316lvm, titanium suma gama gari ne).
• Kayan aikin magunguna: Jiragen ruwa, bututu, da kuma abubuwan da ake buƙata suna buƙatar tsarkakakku da juriya ga wakilan tsabtatawa masu lalata.

Masana'antu da masana'antu na petrochemical:

• Tanummai, Jiragen ruwa, da masu gyara: Don adanawa da sarrafa sinadarai (316L, duplex karfe, mafi girma oyenitics).
• Tsarin Bututun Ruwa: Kawo ruwa masu lalata.
• Masu musayar zafi: Inda ake buƙatar juriya da lalata da cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka.

Gine-gine da Gine-gine:

• Clateors na waje da fadin: Na karko da rudani (misali, 304, 316).
• Hawa da walƙiya: Dogon-dadewa da lalata hali.
• Handrails, Balusrades, kuma datsa dilli: Bayyanar zamani da ƙarancin kulawa.
• Abubuwan Tsari: A cikin mahalli na lalata ko a inda ake buƙatar ƙarfi (duplex karfe, Wasu sassan Ausenitic).
• Kankare (Rear): Bakin karfe reshe don tsari a cikin mahalli masu lalata (misali, Bridges a cikin Yankin Grey) Don hana daskararren tsallake saboda fadada tsatsa.

Automotive da sufuri:

• Tsarin shaye: Mai juyawa na juyawa na catalytic, mufflers, dirkpipes (Ferritic maki kamar 409, 439; wasu tsoffin taurari don mafi girman aiki).
• Fuel Tankuna da Lines: Domin juriya na juriya.
• Datsa da kayan ado.
• Abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin mulki a cikin bas da jiragen kasa.

Jirgin sama:

• Kayan aiki mai ƙarfi: Injin sassa, Saukowa kayan kaya, fasteners (PH bakin karfe, wasu maki na Martensitic).
• Tubalin hydraulic da layin man fetur.

Marine yanayin:

• Ruwa mai ruwa: Makaɓa, ralings, firam, shafts (316L, DUMLEX KUDI DON CIKIN SAUKI CIKIN SAUKI).
• A kashe mai da gas: Tukuciya, abubuwan da aka gyara.

Samar da Wutar Lantarki:

• Overes na turbin: (Martensitic da PH Grades).
• Heat Martenanger Tubing, TUBING.
• Abubuwan da aka gina nukiliya na nukiliya.

Masana'antar Fassara da Takarda:

Kayan aiki da aka fallasa ga lalata sunadarai.

6.2 Yankunan aikace-aikacen carbon

Bakin ƙarfe, saboda kyawawan kayan aikinta, m ta hanyar magani mai zafi, kyakkyawan tsari (Don ƙananan-carbon maki), kuma mafi ƙarancin farashi, shi ne rage kayan aiki don yawan adadin aikace-aikacen inda matuƙar juriya na lalata ba na farko ko inda za a iya kare shi sosai ba.

Gini da kayayyakin more rayuwa:

• Sifofin tsari: I-bim, H-bits, tashoshi, kusurwoyi don Frames Frames, gadoji, da sauran tsarin (yawanci low zuwa matsakaici-carbon steets).
• Garfa sanduna (Rear): Don tsarin kankare (Kodayake ba a yi amfani da bakin ciki ba a cikin yanayin m).
• Tukuciya: Na ruwa, gas, da watsa mai (misali, API 5L maki).
• Takobin sayar da kayayyaki.
• Hawa da saƙo (Sau da yawa mai rufi): Galvanized ko zanen karfe.

Masana'antar Motoci:

• Jikinsu da chassis: Nau'i na hannu, Fram (daban-daban maki na low da matsakaic-carbon steets, gami da ƙarfi-ƙarfi (Hsla) Skbils wanne ne nau'in carbon karfe tare da microalloying).
• Abubuwan injiniyoyi: Crankshaft, sanduna masu haɗawa, camshafts (matsakaici-carbon, mits).
• Gears da shafewa: (Matsakaici zuwa manyan-carbon steets, sau da yawa shari'ar-taurarinta ko ta hanyar-taurarin).
• Hanji: Kuturuwa, goro, sukurori.

Injiniyoyi da Kayan aiki:

• Fridan Frames da Bases.
• Gear, Matashts, Ma'aura, Abun ciki (sau da yawa musamman carbon ko alloy steves).
• Kayan aiki: Kayan aikin hannu (guduma, Wrenches - Matsakaici-Carbon), yankan kayan aikin (rawar soja, Chisels - Carbon).
• Kayan aikin gona: Yi noma, harrows, abubuwan da aka gyara.

Bangaren Makamashi:

• Bututun mai: Don jigilar mai da gas (kamar yadda aka ambata).
• Tankunan ajiya: Na mai, gas, da ruwa (Sau da yawa tare da sutturar ciki ko kariyar ta cathodiic).
• Bututun marmari da casings.

Safarar dogo:

• Layin dogo (Rails): Babban carbon, sa ido-resistant karfe.
• Ƙafafun da axes.
• Jiki na motocin sufuri.

Gina jirgin ruwa (Hull Tsarin):

• Yayin da aka yi amfani da bakin ciki don dacewa, Babban Hull Sihiri mafi yawan jiragen ruwan kasuwanci ana yin su ne daga carbon karfe (Daban-daban taurari na ƙarfe kamar aji a, Ah36, D36) Saboda farashi da weldability, tare da tsarin lalata ilimi masu yawa.

Kayan masana'antu kuma ya mutu:

• Babban carbon (kayan aiki, wanda zai iya zama carbon ko ado) ana amfani da su don zagi, ya mutu, kyawon tsayuwa, da yankan kayan aiki saboda iyawarsu na zama tauraron mutane.

The carbon karfe vs bakin karfe Kwatancen aikace-aikacen yana nuna cewa Carbon Karfe ya mallaki inda farashi da karfin gwiwa sune direbobi na farko da lalata, yayin da bakin karfe Excells inda juriya na lalata, kiwon lafiya, ko takamaiman kayan kwalliya / babban-zazzabi yana da mahimmanci.

7. Bincike na kuɗi da tattalin arziki: Karfe Karfe vs Bakin Karfe

Yanayin tattalin arziƙin shine babban mahimmanci a cikin carbon karfe vs bakin karfe Tsarin yanke shawara. Wannan ya hada da ba kawai farashin farawa ba amma yana aiki, kiyayewa, kuma farashin rayuwa.

7.1 Kwatanta farashin albarkatun kasa

Karfe Karfe:

Gabaɗaya, Carbon Karfe yana da ƙananan ƙasa Farashin Siyarwa kowane yanki nauyi (misali, Pound Pound ko kowace kilogram) idan aka kwatanta da bakin karfe. Wannan shine da farko saboda:

• Kayan kayan masarufi: Iron da Carbon suna samuwa da yawa kuma suna da tsada sosai.
• Mafi sauki: Ba ya buƙatar abubuwa masu tsada kamar chromium, nickel, ko molybdenum a cikin adadi mai yawa.
• Matakai na balaga: Samar da carbon karfe shine ingantaccen tsari da kuma sikelin-sikelin tsari.

Bakin Karfe:

Bakin karfe yana da mafi tsada mafi tsada saboda:

• Kudin abubuwan Albarka: Direbobin farashi na farko sune abubuwanda zasu samar da abubuwan "bakin ciki":
  • Chromium (Cr): M 10.5%, sau da yawa mafi girma.
  • Nickel (A ciki): Wani muhimmin sashi a cikin maki na yau da kullun (kamar 304, 316), Kuma nickel wani ƙarfe ne mai tsada tare da farashin kasuwa mailuwanta.
  • Molybdenum (Mo): Kara wa juriya juriya (misali, in 316), kuma yana da kashi mai tsada.
  • Sauran abubuwan kamar titanium, niobium, da dai sauransu., Har ila yau, ƙara zuwa farashin.
• Karin Hadarin aiki: Tsarin masana'antu na bakin karfe, gami da narkewa, mai ladabi (misali, Argon Oxygen Decarburization - AOD), da kuma sarrafa madaidaici, na iya zama mafi rikitarwa da makamashi mai ƙarfi fiye da na carbon karfe.

7.2 Gudanarwa da Kudin Kula

Kudin farko shine kawai na daidaituwa tattalin arziki.

Sarrafa farashi (Ƙira):

• Karfe Karfe:
  • Machining: Gaba daya sauki da sauri zuwa inji, haifar da ƙananan kayan aikin kayan aiki da lokacin aiki.
  • Walda: Low-carbon karfe mai sauki ne don sld tare da marasa tsada masu tsada da kuma mafi sauki hanyoyin. Mafi girma carbon seves suna buƙatar ƙarin musamman (kuma tsada) Welding hanyoyin.
  • Samar da: Low-Carbon Karfe ana samun sauƙin da ƙananan sojoji.
• Bakin Karfe:
  • Machining: Na iya zama mafi wahala, Musamman Austenitic da Duplex Grades, Saboda aikin hardening da ƙarancin aiki da zafi. Wannan sau da yawa yana haifar da saurin sarrafa kayan aiki, kara kayan aiki, kuma farashin aiki mai girma.
  • Walda: Na bukatar karin karancin filler, sau da yawa mafi yawan slders, kuma kula da shigly. Gas Gashi (misali, Argon don Tig) yana da mahimmanci.
  • Samar da: Maki na yau daustenitic suna da tsari amma yana buƙatar sojoji saboda aiki hardening. Sauran maki na iya zama mafi kalubale.
    Gabaɗaya, Kudin ƙirar don kayan haɗin ƙarfe galibi suna sama da abubuwan haɗin ƙarfe na carbon.

Kudin Kulawa:

Wannan shine inda carbon karfe vs bakin karfe kwatancen yawanci tukwici a cikin son bakin karfe akan dogon lokaci, musamman a cikin yanayin lalata.

• Karfe Karfe:
  • Yana buƙatar kayan aikin kariya (zane, galvanizing).
  • Waɗannan sutturar suna da rayuwa kuma tana buƙatar binciken lokaci, gyara, kuma ya sake farfadowa a duk rayuwar sabis na bangaren don hana lalata. Wannan ya shafi aiki, kayan aiki, kuma yiwuwar downtime.
  • Idan ba a sarrafa lahani ba, Za a iya tantancewa tsarin tsari, kai tsaye ga masu gyara ko sauyawa.
• Bakin Karfe:
  • Gabaɗaya yana buƙatar ƙarancin kulawa don kariya ta lalata saboda rashin daidaituwa na ciki.
  • Don kiyaye bayyanar, musamman a cikin mahalli tare da adibas, Ana buƙatar tsabtatawa lokaci-lokaci-amma yawanci kaɗan kuma ƙasa da ƙari da carbon karfe.
  • Da "warkar da kai" yanayin warkewa na fim yana nufin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta sau da yawa ba sa sasanta juriya a lalata.

Wannan raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin tabbatarwa na iya haifar da mahimmancin tanadi na dogon lokaci tare da bakin karfe.

7.3 Kudin rayuwa (LCC) da sake sarrafawa

Dalilin tattalin arziƙin gaskiya ya kamata yayi la'akari da duk lokacin rayuwar.

Kudin rayuwa (LCC):

Binciken LCC ya hada da:

1. Farashi na farko
2. Freascation da shigarwa
3. Kudin aiki (Idan wani ya shafi kayan)
4. Kiyayewa da gyara kudin da aka yi niyya
5. Hana ko sake amfani da ƙimar sake a ƙarshen rayuwa

Lokacin da ake la'akari da lcc, Bakin karfe na iya zama mafi tattalin arziƙi fiye da carbon karfe a aikace-aikace inda:

• Muhalli lalata ne.
• Samun ikon sarrafawa yana da wahala ko tsada.
• Downtime don tabbatarwa ba shi da yarda.
• Ana buƙatar dogon rayuwa mai tsayi.
• Da na ado darajar da tsabta na karfe suna da mahimmanci.
  Babban farashi na farko na bakin karfe na iya zama a kashe ƙananan kashe kashe kudi da tsayi, mafi dogara ga sabis.

Sake sarrafawa:

Duka carbon karfe da bakin karfe suna da kayan karantawa sosai, wanda shine muhimmiyar fa'idodin muhalli da tattalin arziki.

• Karfe Karfe: An sake sawa. Karfe scrap babban bangare ne a cikin sabon kayan ƙarfe.
• Bakin Karfe: Hakanan maimaitawa sosai. Abubuwan Albarka (chromium, nickel, molybdenum) A cikin scrap scrap suna da mahimmanci kuma ana iya dawo dasu da sake karɓa a cikin samar da sabon ƙarfe ko wasu allura. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye albarkatun budurwa da rage yawan amfani idan aka kwatanta da samar da agaji. Mafi girman darajar sirrin bakin karfe na bakin karfe yana nufin sau da yawa yana ba da izinin farashi mafi kyau fiye da carbon karfe scrap.

Ratewa yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga lcc na kayan biyu ta hanyar samar da darajar saura a ƙarshen rayuwarsu.

8. Jagorar Zabe: Karfe Karfe vs Bakin Karfe

Zabi tsakanin carbon karfe vs bakin karfe yana buƙatar tsarin tsari, La'akari da takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikacen da kaddarorin kowane abu.

Wannan bangare yana ba da jagora don taimakawa wajen kewayawa wannan tsarin zaɓi.

8.1 Ayyukan buƙatun na aiki

Mataki na farko shine a bayyane abubuwan da ake buƙata na aikin ko tsari:

Kayan aikin injin da damuwa:

Menene ake tsammani ya kasance, m, yanke gashi, lankwasawa, ko kayan kwalliya?

Shi ne mai tsinkaye ko mai tsaurici (gajiya)?

Suna da tasiri mai nauyi?

Jagoranci:

Injiniyan injiniya na iya zabar zafi-carbon karfe ko ƙarfi mai ƙarfi kamar martaba kamar martaba, PH, ko maki maki lokacin da suke buƙatar ƙarfi sosai.

Don dalilai na gaba ɗaya da kayan masarufi, Matsakaici-Carbon Karfe ko Grades na al'ada 304/316 (musamman idan sanyi-aiki) ko 6061-T6 zai iya isa.

Idan tsananin wahala da mummunan tasiri ne mai mahimmanci, musamman a ƙananan yanayin zafi, bakin karfe bakin karfe suna da fifiko.

Ƙananan-carbon sever suma suna da wahala.

Operating zazzabi:

Shin bangaren zai yi aiki a yanayi, daukaka, ko yanayin zafi na cryogenic?

Jagoranci:

Ausenitic bakin karfe suna kula da ƙarfi da kyau mai ƙarfi a yanayin zafi.

Wasu maki na bakin karfe (misali, 304H, 310, 321) Bayar da juriya mai kyau mai kyau da ƙarfi a ɗaukaka yanayin zafi.

Carbon Carbon na iya rasa tauri a yanayin zafi kaɗan (DBTT) da ƙarfi a yanayin zafi sosai (creep).

Ana amfani da takamaiman katako na katako (misali, booter shambura).

Sa da juriya abrasion:

Shin bangaren za a gindaya, shafawar, ko sababbin barbashi?

Jagoranci:

Don tsananin sa juriya, Da yawa suna zaɓar zafi-carbon karfe ko taurarewararren Martensitic bakin karfe kamar 440c.

Bakin ƙarfe bakin ƙarfe na iya gall cikin sauƙi; Yi la'akari da jiyya na tsari ko maki mai wahala idan abin damuwa ne.

Bukatun da kuma iyakokin bukatun:

Shin tsarin ya ƙunshi siffofin hade da ke buƙatar tsari mai yawa?

Shin bangaren za a welded?

Jagoranci:

Don babban tsari, low-carbon karfe ko annedaddiyar ausenitic bakin karfe (kamar 304-o) suna da kyau kwarai.

Idan walda shine babban rabo, low-carbon karfe da kuma ausenitic bakin karfe suna da sauƙin sauƙaƙa don weld fiye da mafi girma carbon selves.

Yi la'akari da weldability na takamaiman maki.

8.2 La'akarin Muhalli da Tsaro

Muhimmancin sabis da kowane irin aminci masu mahimmanci suna da mahimmanci:

Yanayin Corrosive:

Menene yanayin yanayin (misali, ATMOSPHERHER, ɗan ƙaramin ruwa, ruwan gishiri, Fadakarwa ta sinadarai)?

Jagoranci:

Wannan shine inda karfe bakin karfe ya zama tsoho ne.

Mild atmospheric: Carbon karfe tare da kyakkyawan shafi na iya isa. 304 SS don mafi kyawun tsawon rai.

Marine / chloride: 316 SS, Duplex SS, ko manyan allures. Carbon Carbon zai bukaci ƙarfi da kuma ci gaba.

Chemical: Takamaiman maki na bakin karfe (ko wasu kayayyaki na musamman) wanda aka dace da sinadaran.

Abubuwan Hygiene:

Shin aikace-aikacen ne a cikin sarrafa abinci, likita, ko masana'antu na harhada magunguna inda tsabta da marasa daidaituwa suna da mahimmanci?

Jagoranci:

Mafi kyawun sittin karfe-musamman austenitic maki kamar 304l da 316l-don santsi, mara kyau, Mai Sauke Tsabtace, da juriya juriya wadanda ke hana gurbatawa.

Bukatun ado:

Shine bayyanar gani mai mahimmanci?

Jagoranci:

Bakin karfe yana ba da fannoni da yawa da dorewa.

Carbon Carbon na buƙatar zanen ko shirya don kayan ado.

Abubuwan Magnetic:

Shin aikace-aikacen yana buƙatar kayan da ba magnetic ba, ko maganyaci ne?

Jagoranci:

Carbon Karfe koyaushe Magnetic.

Ausenitic bakin karfe (Anane) ba magnetic bane.

Ferritic, Martensitic, kuma Duplex bakin karfe suna da magnetic.

Aminci mai mahimmanci:

Menene sakamakon gazawar abu (misali, Asarar tattalin arziki, lalata muhalli, lahani, asarar rayuwa)?

Jagoranci:

Don aikace-aikace masu aminci, Injiniya yawanci suna ɗaukar kusancin ra'ayin mazan jiya, Mafi yawan lokuta zabar abubuwa masu tsada waɗanda ke ba da aminci mafi girma da kuma hango su a cikin yanayin sabis.

Wannan na iya jingina ga takamaiman sakandes na bakin ciki idan an lalata haɗarin gazawa don carbon karfe.

8.3 Cikakken yanke hukunci matrix: Karfe Karfe vs Bakin Karfe

Matsayi matrix zai iya taimakawa tsarin kwatancen zaɓuɓɓuka.

Sakamakon da ke ƙasa gabaɗaya (1 = Talauci, 5 = Madalla); takamaiman maki a cikin kowane dangi ya ci gaba da gyara su.

Sauƙaƙe yanke shawara matrix - carbon karfe vs bakin karfe (Babban kwatantawa)

Yin Sayi da ya dace a cikin carbon karfe vs bakin karfe cutemma na bukatar cakuda fahimtar ilimin kimiyya, bukatun aikace-aikacen, da kuma hakikanin tattalin arziki.

9. FAQ: Karfe Karfe vs Bakin Karfe

Q1: Mene ne babban bambanci tsakanin carbon karfe da bakin karfe?

A: Babban bambanci shine chromium abun ciki-bakin karfe yana da aƙalla 10.5%, Kirkiro Layer Layer wanda ya tsayayya da lalata, yayin da carbon karfe rasa wannan da tsoms ba tare da kariya ba.

Q2: Shin bakin karfe koyaushe yana da kyau fiye da carbon karfe?

A: Bakin karfe ba koyaushe yake da kyau ba - ya dogara da aikace-aikacen.

Yana ba da juriya da lalata da kuma kayan adon lalata.

Yayin carbon karfe na iya zama da ƙarfi, mai wuya, sauki ga injin ko walda, kuma yawanci mai rahusa ne.

Mafi kyawun kayan shine wanda ya dace da takamaiman aikin, karko, da kuma bukatun farashi.

Q3: Me yasa baƙin ƙarfe ya fi tsada fiye da carbon karfe?

A: Bakin karfe ya fi tsada musamman saboda abubuwan da suka dace kamar Chrisum, nickel, da kuma molybdenum, da kuma mafi yawan masana'antar masana'antu.

Q4: Zan iya Well ba bakin karfe zuwa carbon karfe?

A: Walda bakin karfe zuwa carbon karfe ta amfani da dissimilar karfe waldi yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman.

Kalubale ya haɗa da bambanci da fadada, Carbon Hijira, da kuma yiwuwar galsic lalata.

Amfani da matattarar filler kamar 309 ko 312 bakin karfe yana taimaka wa bambance bambancen kayan gada. Tsarin haɗin gwiwa mai dacewa da fasaha yana da mahimmanci.

10. Kammalawa

Kwatancen carbon karfe vs bakin karfe ya bayyana m biyu mafi girma amma daban-daban iyalai na ferrous Alloy, kowannensu da na musamman bayanan Profile, abũbuwan amfãni, da iyakoki.

Bakin ƙarfe, An ayyana shi ta carbon abun ciki, yana ba da babban abin da ya dace da kayan aikin injiniya, mai kyau tsari (Musamman maki-carbon maki), kuma kyakkyawan walwala, Duk a wani karamin farashi.

Achilles 'diddige, duk da haka, Shin ta zama mai saukin kamuwa da lalata, wajibtawa matakan kariya a cikin yawancin mahalli.

Bakin karfe, halin da mafi karancin 10.5% abun ciki na chromum, bambanta kansa da farko ta hanyar iya karfin gwiwa don tsayayya da lalata jiki saboda samuwar m, kai warkarwar chromium oromaide Layer.

Bayan wannan, Iyalai daban-daban na bakin karfe-ausenitic, ferritic, Martensitic, duplex, kuma ph-bayar da tsari na kaddarorin kayan aikin, daga qaddamar da ƙarfi da kuma mugunta zuwa matsanancin ƙarfi da ƙarfi, tare da mai jan hankali mai kyau.

Wadannan kayan da aka inganta, duk da haka, zo a mafi yawan kayan aikin farko kuma galibi sun ƙunshi dabarun maganganu na musamman.

Hukuncin tsakanin carbon karfe vs bakin karfe ba batun mutum bane da kuma duk da haka ya fi duk sauran.

Maimako, zabi ya dogara da cikakken bincike game da takamaiman bukatun aikace-aikacen.