Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau

1553 Saib 2025-05-09 15:34:51

Kev to taub Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau yam ntxwv, qhov zoo, thiab cov kev txwv ntawm txhua qhov tseem ceeb rau cov engineers, tus tsim, manufacturers, thiab leej twg koom nrog cov khoom xaiv.

Xaiv txoj cai hom hlau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ib txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm, kev nyob ntev, nqi, thiab kev nyab xeeb.

Cov lus qhia tseeb no yuav delve tob rau hauv kev sib piv ntawm Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau, muab kev nkag siab zoo rau kev txhawb nqa koj kom paub txiav txim siab.

1. Lub hauv paus rau phau ntawv

Steel muaj versatility vim tias cov khoom siv alloy thiab kev kho kom sov tuaj yeem ua rau nws rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb.

Qhov no hloov tau tau ua rau muaj ntau tsev neeg ntawm cov hlau, Txhua tus haum rau cov chaw sib txawv thiab kev ntxhov siab.

Ntawm cov no, Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau ua haujlwm thiab stainless hlau yog ib qho ntawm tus kws ua haujlwm xav txog cov kev txiav txim siab.

1.1 Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon hlau vs stainless hlau sib piv

Qhov kev xaiv ntawm Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau yog tsis yog ib qho kev kawm tawm dag zog xwb.

Nws muaj qhov kev xav tau ua tiav.

Ob hom steel muaj cov khoom lag luam sib txawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws txog:

• Corrosion Resistance: Qhov no feem ntau yog tus thawj sib txawv, nrog stainless hlau kev nthuav tawm cov kev tiv thaiv zoo dua rau xeb thiab lwm hom ntawv ntawm corrosion.
• Mechanical Properties: Lub zog, tawv, tawv, thiab ductility tuaj yeem sib txawv txawv.
• Nqi: Carbon Steel yog feem ntau tsawg dua kim dua upfront, tab sis stainless hlau tej zaum yuav muaj cov nqi tau zoo dua mus ntev vim nws qhov kev ruaj khov.
• Kev zoo nkauj: Stainless hlau feem ntau xaiv tau nws huv, Cov tsos pom.
• Fabrication thiab tshuabsab: Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib xyaw cuam tshuam rau cov hlau yooj yim no tuaj yeem txiav, ua, thiab welded.

Ua txoj kev xaiv tsis tsim nyog tuaj yeem ua rau kev ua tiav kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov Cheebtsam, Muaj kev tu tus nqi kho mob ntxiv, Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb, lossis tsis tseem ceeb kim heev.

Yog li ntawd, Kev nkag siab ntawm cov pa roj carbon hlau vs stainless hlau sib cav sib ceg yog qhov ua kom zoo rau cov khoom siv rau txhua daim ntawv thov, los ntawm niaj hnub cutlery thiab kev tsim cov nqaj mus rau high-tech aerospace Cheebtsam thiab kev cog phom.

2. Cov ntsiab lus yooj yim thiab cov kev faib tawm

Rau cov txiaj ntsig sib piv Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau, Peb yuav tsum xub tsim kev nkag siab meej txog dab tsi txhais tau txhua cov khoom, lawv qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, thiab lawv thawj cov kev faib tawm.

2.1 Carbon Steel

Ntau yam kev xav txog cov roj carbon hlau feem ntau dav siv cov khoom siv engineering vim nws muaj cov neeg kho zoo nkauj ntawm tus nqi qis.

Nws cov kev txhais tau cov yam ntxwv yog nws kev cia siab rau carbon ua tus thawj coj sab nraud alloy ooying cuam tshuam nws cov khoom.

Txhais:

Carbon Steel yog ib qho alloy ntawm hlau thiab carbon, Qhov twg cov pa roj carbon yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws alloying keeb uas txhim kho lub zog thiab tawv tawv ntshiab. Lwm cov khoom siv alloying ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom me me, feem ntau ua rau cov khoom seem los ntawm cov txheej txheem steelmaking lossis txhob txwm muab ntxiv rau hauv cov nyiaj me me los kho cov khoom, Tab sis lawv tsis hloov nws cov cim tseem ceeb ua ib tug roj carbon hlau.

Kev sib xyaw:

American hlau thiab steel koom haum (AISI) Txhais cov roj carbon hlau ua hlau uas:

1. Cov qauv tsis xav tau cov ntsiab lus tsawg kawg rau chromium, khaib, Columbium (niobium), molybdenum, npib tsib xee, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, lossis lwm yam khoom ntxiv rau cov nyhuv tshwj xeeb.
2. Qhov kev teev tseg rau tooj liab tsis tshaj 0.40 feem pua.
3. Lossis cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws teev rau ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no tsis tshaj qhov feem pua ​​uas tau sau tseg: manganese 1.65, silicon 0.60, tooj liab 0.60.

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog carbon (C), nrog cov ntsiab lus tau zoo los ntawm cov nyiaj tau los txog li 2.11% los ntawm qhov hnyav.

Dhau qhov no cov ntsiab lus, Lub alloy feem ntau tau cais raws li cam khwb cia hlau.

• Manganese (Mn): Feem ntau tam sim no 1.65%. Nws pab txhawb rau lub zog thiab hardness, ua yeeb yam li deoxidizer thiab desulfurizer, thiab txhim kho cov haujlwm kub.
• Silicon (Thiab): Feem ntau txog 0.60%. Nws ua raws li deoxidizer thiab me ntsis nce zog.
• Sulfur (S) thiab phosphorus (P): Cov no feem ntau suav hais tias impurities. Sulphur tuaj yeem ua rau brittleness ntawm qhov kub (Kub Luv), Thaum phosphorus tuaj yeem ua rau brittleness ntawm tsawg kub (txias luv). Lawv cov qib feem ntau yog khaws cia tsawg (e.g., <0.05%).

Hom carbon hlau:

Cov ntaub hlau cov hlau feem ntau tau muab cais raws li lawv cov ntsiab lus carbon, Raws li qhov no muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv cov khoom siv mechanical:

1. Tsawg-Carbon Steel (Mild Steel):
   • Cov ntsiab lus carbon: Feem ntau muaj txog 0.25% - 0.30% carbon (e.g., AISI 1005 rau 1025).
   • Cov khoom: Kuj mos, ductile, Thiab yooj yim machinu, ua, thiab welded. Txo tensile lub zog piv rau ntau dua cov khaub ncaws. Tsawg kawg kim hom.
   • Kev tsim: Feem ntau ferrite nrog qee cov hlawsite.
   • Daim ntawv thov: Automotive lub cev panels, cov qauv duab (Kuv-beams, cov channel), cev, Kev Tsim Kho Kev Tsim Kho Cheebtsam, Cov kaus poom, thiab cov qauv hlau ua haujlwm.
2. Nruab nrab-Carbon Steel:
   • Cov ntsiab lus carbon: Feem ntau yog li 0.25% - 0.30% rau 0.55% - 0.60% carbon (e.g., AISI 1030 rau 1055).
   • Cov khoom: Muaj kev sib npaug zoo ntawm lub zog, tawv, tawv, thiab ductility. Kev teb rau kev kho cua sov (quenching thiab tempering) Txhawm rau txhawb cov khoom ntxiv. Nyuaj rau daim ntawv, vuam, thiab txiav dua li cov hlau roj carbon.
   • Kev tsim: Nce feem ntau ntawm cov hlawsite piv rau cov hlau roj carbon.
   • Daim ntawv thov: Zog, cov ncej, axles, crankshafts, kev sib txuas, Railway Cov lem, Machinery Xeem, thiab cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum muaj zog thiab hnav tsis kam.
3. High-Carbon Steel (Carbon Tool Steel):
   • Cov ntsiab lus carbon: Feem ntau yog li 0.55% - 0.60% rau 1.00% - 1.50% carbon (e.g., AISI 1060 rau 1095). Qee qhov kev faib tawm tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv txog li no ~ 2.1%.
   • Cov khoom: Nyuaj heev, muaj zog, thiab muaj cov khoom hnav zoo dua tom qab kev kho cua sov. Txawm li cas los, Nws yog tsawg dua ducile thiab nruj dua (Ntau nkig) tshaj li qis dua cov hlau. Ntau nyuaj rau weld thiab tshuab.
   • Kev tsim: Feem ntau Cov Pearlite thiab Ua Kom Tig.
   • Daim ntawv thov: Txiav cov cuab yeej (kev txaug, xyaum), springs, High-intab hlau, punches, tuag, thiab cov ntawv thov uas hnyav heev thiab hnav tsis kam yog thawj cov kev xav tau.
4. Ultra-High-Carbon Steel:
   • Cov ntsiab lus carbon: Kwv yees li 1.25% rau 2.0% carbon.
   • Cov khoom: Muaj peev xwm ua tau tempered rau kev tawv tawv. Siv rau tshwj xeeb, Cov hom phiaj tsis muaj zog zoo li riam, axles, lossis xuas nrig ntaus.

Qhov kev faib tawm no raws li cov ntsiab lus carbon yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev nkag siab Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau piv tau, Raws li nws tau teeb tsa cov khoom siv hauv qab rau cov hlau.

2.2 Stainless hlau

Stainless hlau sawv tawm los ntawm feem ntau cov hlau hlau rau nws qhov tshwj xeeb corrosion tsis kam.

Cov xeeb ceem no tshwm sim los ntawm nws cov lus sib xyaw tshwj xeeb.

Txhais:

Stainless hlau yog ib qho alloy ntawm cov hlau uas muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus 10.5% chromium (Cr) los ntawm pawg.

Lub chromium cov ntaub ntawv ib tug passive, Kev Kho Tus Kheej Oxide Txheej Rau Ntawm Cov Hlau, uas tiv thaiv nws los ntawm corrosion thiab staining.

Nws yog cov ntsiab lus chromium uas feem ntau sib txawv stainless hlau los ntawm lwm cov hlau.

Kev sib xyaw:

Dhau li ntawm cov hlau thiab cov txhais cov chromium, Stainless hlaus tuaj yeem muaj lwm cov ntsiab lus alloy los txhim kho cov khoom tshwj xeeb xws li cov khoom muaj, zog, thiab corrosion tsis kam nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb.

• Chromium (Cr): Qhov tseem ceeb, tsawg li tsawg tau 10.5%. Ua cov ntsiab lus Chromium feem ntau txhim kho corrosion tsis kam.
• Nickel (Hauv): Feem ntau ntxiv rau ruaj khov rau cov txheej txheem austenitic (Saib hom hauv qab no), uas txhim kho ductility, tawv, thiab weldability. Kuj txhim kho corrosion tsis kam nyob rau hauv qee qhov chaw ib puag ncig.
• Molybdenum (Mo): Txhim kho tsis kam rau pitting thiab crevice corrosion, Tshwj xeeb hauv chloride-muaj ib puag ncig (zoo li seawater). Kuj nce lub zog ntawm kev nce kub.
• Manganese (Mn): Tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tsis huv (ib nrab hloov npib tsib xee nyob rau hauv qee qib) thiab txhim kho lub zog thiab kev ua haujlwm kub.
• Silicon (Thiab): Ua rau deoxidizer thiab txhim kho kom oxidation ntawm qhov kub.
• Cov pa roj carbon (C): Tam sim no nyob rau hauv stainless hlau, Tab sis nws cov ntsiab lus feem ntau ua tib zoo saib xyuas. Hauv autenenitic thiab ferritic qib, Txo cov pa roj carbon ntau yog feem ntau nyiam los tiv thaiv cov rhiab (chromium carbide nag lossis daus, Txo Corrosion Kuj). Hauv Martensitic qib, Cov pa roj carbon ntau dua yog xav tau rau Hardness.
• Nitrogen (N): Ua kom muaj zog ntxiv thiab pitting corrosion tsis kam, thiab ruaj khov rau cov qauv Austenic.
• Lwm yam ntsiab lus: Titanium (Ntawm), Niobium (Nb), Tooj (Cu), Sulfur (S) (rau kev txhim kho machinility hauv qee qib), Ntawv (Nrog), Aluminium (Al), lwm., tuaj yeem ntxiv rau cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb.

Cov Hom Hlau Stainless:

Stainless hlau yog feem ntau tau faib raws lawv cov metallurgical micrubtructure, uas txiav txim siab los ntawm lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg (Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj Chromium, npib tsib xee, thiab carbon cov ntsiab lus):

Austenitic Stainless hlau:

High hauv chromium thiab npib tsib xee, Muab cov kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev, formability, thiab weldability.

Feem ntau siv hauv kev ua zaub mov noj, khoom siv kho mob, thiab architectural applications. Tsis nyuaj los ntawm kev kho cua sov.

Cov hlau ferritic stainless:

Muaj cov chromium siab dua nrog me me lossis tsis muaj npib tsib xee. Muaj nqi ntau dua, Sib nqus, thiab moderately corrosion-resistant.

Feem ntau siv hauv kev ua pa tawm thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Tsis yog cua kho kom zoo.

Martensitic Stainless Hlau:

Cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua cov ntsiab lus tso cai rau kev kho cua sov. Paub txog siab hardness thiab lub zog.

Siv rau hauv riam, li qub, thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab.

Duplex stainless hlau:

Muab cov qauv Austenitic thiab Ferritic qauv, muab cov zog siab thiab zoo heev corrosion tsis kam.

Qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev xav tau ib puag ncig zoo li cov tubrog nkoj, chemical ua, Thiab Cov Piping Systems.

Nag lossis daus-tawv (PH) Cov Hlau Stainless:

Tuaj yeem ua tiav lub zog siab heev los ntawm kev kho cua sov thaum ua kom zoo corrosion tsis kam.

Ntau yam nyob rau hauv aerospace thiab high-lub zog tshuab tej yam.

Nkag siab txog cov kev ntseeg tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txaus siab rau qhov nuances hauv lub Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau piv tau.

Lub xub ntiag ntawm tsawg kawg 10.5% chromium hauv stainless hlau yog lub pob zeb ntawm nws txhais cov yam ntxwv: corrosion kuj.

3. Kev tsom xam cov tub ntxhais kawm sib txawv: Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau

Qhov kev txiav txim siab siv Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau Feem ntau cov kaus mom ntawm cov ncauj lus piav qhia ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv ua tiav.

Thaum ob qho tib si yog cov hlau sib xyaw, lawv cov kev sib txawv sib txawv ua rau muaj kev sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv seb lawv coj li cas nyob rau ntau yam.

3.1 Corrosion Resistance

Qhov no yog kev sib cav tshaj plaws thiab zoo-paub qhov sib txawv hauv Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau sib cav.

Carbon Steel:

Carbon Steel muaj cov tsis zoo corrosion tsis kam.

Thaum raug rau ya raws thiab oxygen, Hlau nyob rau hauv cov hlau me me oxidizes los tsim hlau oxide, nquag hu ua xeb.

Qhov no xeb txheej feem ntau yog porous thiab flaky, muab kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv rau cov hlau hauv qab, Cia corrosion txuas ntxiv, Muaj peev xwm ua rau kev ua tsis tiav.

Tus nqi ntawm kev xeb yog nyob ntawm ib puag ncig zoo li cov av noo, kub, muaj ntsev (e.g., Hauv ntug dej hiav txwv lossis cov ntsev tsis zoo), thiab cov pa phem (e.g., Cov neeg tuaj noj tub rog Sulphur).

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lossis qeeb dog corrosion, Carbon Steel yuav luag ib txwm xav tau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv (e.g., xim, Galvanizing, plating) lossis lwm yam kev tswj hwm kev txhim kho (e.g., Cathodic Kev Tiv Thaiv).

 

Stainless hlau:

Stainless hlau, Vim tias nws qhov tsawg kawg nkaus 10.5% chromium cov ntsiab lus, Cov khoom ua pov thawj zoo heev corrosion.

Lub chromium reacts nrog oxygen nyob rau ib puag ncig los ua ib tug heev nyias, teneracious, pob tshab, thiab tus kheej-kho cov txheej passive ntawm chromium oxide (Cruo₃) ntawm qhov chaw.

Qhov kev ua passive no raws li kev thaiv, tiv thaiv kev ua kom loj oxidation thiab corrosion ntawm cov hlau hauv qab.

Yog tias qhov chaw saum npoo uas khawb lossis puas, Lub chromium sai sai reacts nrog oxygen mus hloov kho txheej tiv thaiv no, Ib qho tshwm sim feem ntau hu ua "kev kho tus kheej."

Cov qib ntawm corrosion tsis kam nyob rau hauv stainless hlau sib txawv raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg:

• Ua cov ntsiab lus Chromium feem ntau txhim kho corrosion tsis kam.
• Nickel txhim kho dav corrosion tiv taus thiab tiv taus rau qee cov kua qaub.
• Molybdenum tseem ceeb txhim kho kom pitting thiab crevice corrosion, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas nplua nuj chloride.

Austenitic Stainless hlau (nyiam 304 thiab 316) Feem ntau muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws txhua-ncig corrosion tsis kam.

Cov qhab nia ntawm Ferritic kuj muab cov tshuaj tiv taus zoo, Thaum Martensitic qib, Vim yog lawv cov peev txheej roj carbon ntau dua thiab cov microstructure, feem ntau yog tsawg dua corrosion tiv taus ntau dua li autenitics lossis ferritics nrog cov qib chromium zoo sib xws.

Duplex stainless hlau muaj cov kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev xeb zoo li kev nyuaj siab corrosion.

Ntsiab lus rau Corrosion Kuj: Nyob rau hauv Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau piv tau, Tus Hlau Stainless yog tus yeej ntshiab rau kev lag luam corrosion tsis kam.

3.2 Hardness thiab hnav tsis kam

Hardness yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv mus rau hauv zos cov khoom tawg, xws li indentation lossis khawb.

Hnav Kuj yog nws lub peev xwm los tawm tsam kev puas tsuaj thiab cov khoom poob vim kev sib txhuam, puas, lossis kev yaig.

Carbon Steel:

Lub hardness thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm carbon hlau feem ntau txiav txim siab los ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus carbon thiab kev kho cua sov.

• Cov hlau roj carbon tsawg yog mos thiab muaj cov coj tsis zoo.
• Nruab Nrab-Carbon Steels tuaj yeem ua tiav cov hardness thiab hnav tsis kam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab kev kho cua sov.
• Cov hlau hluav taws xob muaj pa hluav taws xob tuaj yeem kho tau tshav kub (quenched thiab tempered) Yuav kom ua tiav qib siab ntawm hardness thiab zoo hnav tiv taus, ua rau lawv haum rau kev txiav cov cuab yeej thiab hnav cov chaw. Lub xub ntiag ntawm carbides (zoo li cov hlau carbide, Fe₃c lossis qog) Hauv microstructure ua rau muaj kev pab cuam tshuam los hnav tsis kam.

Stainless hlau:

Lub hardness thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm stainless hlau sib txawv heev ntawm cov sib txawv:

• Austenitic Stainless hlau (e.g., 304, 316) yog tus mos muag hauv lawv cov kev mob anealed tab sis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyuaj los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias (lim hardening). Lawv feem ntau muaj kev coj coj los tiv thaiv tab sis tuaj yeem raug kev txom nyem los ntawm galling (ib daim ntawv ntawm kev hnav los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov chaw zawv zawg) Nyob rau hauv cov nra hnyav yam tsis muaj lubrication.
• Cov hlau ferritic sterritic kuj tseem mos thiab tsis nyuaj los ntawm kev kho cua sov. Lawv cov coj tsis kam feem ntau muaj.
• Martensitic Stainless Hlau (e.g., 410, 420, 440C) yog tshwj xeeb tsim los ua kom tawv los ntawm kev kho cua sov. Lawv tuaj yeem ua tiav qib siab heev (piv rau lossis txawm tias tshaj li cov hlau roj carbon ntau) thiab nthuav qhia cov hnav zoo tshaj plaws, Tshwj xeeb qib nrog ntau dua cov roj carbon thiab chromium cov ntsiab lus uas tsim cov chromium nyuaj carbides.
• Cov hlau dulex stainless feem ntau muaj ntau dua kev tawv thiab hnav zoo dua li cov qib kev kawm qib siab vim lawv lub zog siab dua.
• Nag lossis daus-tawv (PH) stainless hlau kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev tawv heev thiab cov hnav zoo tsis kam ua tom qab kev kho mob laus.

Ntsiab lus rau Hardness thiab Hnav Tsis kam:

Thaum sib piv Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau Rau cov khoom no:

• Kev kho kom sov kub thiab cov pa roj carbon ntau thiab kho cua sov martensitic stainless hlau tuaj yeem ua tiav cov qib siab ntawm kev tawv ncauj thiab hnav tsis kam.
• Austenitic thiab ferritic stainless hlau yog feem ntau softer thiab muaj qis dua kev coj tsis kam dua li cov hlau tawv tawv lossis martensitic stainless hlau, Tshwj tsis yog ua haujlwm txias (AUSTENITIC).

3.3 Tougness thiab kev cuam tshuam tsis kam

Tawv yog cov khoom siv muaj peev xwm nqus lub zog thiab plastically deform ua ntej pob txha. Cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam hais txog nws lub peev xwm los tiv taus sai, Cov Chaw thau hluav taws xob siab (kev cuam tshuam).

Carbon Steel:

Cov tawv ntawm cov pa roj hmab yog cov ntsiab lus ntsig txog nws cov ntsiab lus carbon thiab hardness.

• Tsawg-cov hlau hlau feem ntau yog cov tawv tawv thiab du, Taw qhia cov kev cuam tshuam zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv chav thiab nce qhov kub. Txawm li cas los, lawv tuaj yeem ua brittle ntawm tsawg heev kub (coo-rau-brittle hloov kev kub, DBTt).
• Nruab Nrab-Carbon Steels muaj ib qho kev tshuav tsim nyog ntawm lub zog thiab tawv.
• High-carbon steels, Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tawv, muaj qis dua thiab muaj nkig ntau, lub ntsiab lus lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam qis dua.

Kev kho cua sov (zoo li tempering tom qab quenching) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov tawv nqaij tawv thiab cov pa roj carbon ntau.

Stainless hlau:

Kev sib txawv txawv txawv nrog hom stainless hlau:

• Austenitic Stainless hlau (e.g., 304, 316) nthuav qhia cov tawv zoo thiab cuam tshuam tsis kam, txawm hais kom muaj cryogenic kub. Lawv tsis feem ntau ua qhia ib lub zas-to-brittle hloov. Qhov no ua rau lawv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov ntawv thov kub tsawg.
• Cov hlau ferritic sterritic feem ntau muaj qis dua qhov tawv dua li kev ua haujlwm, Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntawv tuab los yog ntawm cov kub tsawg. Lawv tuaj yeem ua pov thawj DBTT. Qee qib kawm yog tus nquag rau "475 ° C embrittlement" tom qab ntev ntev kis kub.
• Martensitic Stainless Hlau, Thaum Hardened Mus Rau Qib Siab Zog, zoo li muaj qis dua thiab muaj peev xwm loj heev yog tias tsis yog qhov kub. Temperuling kev txhim kho kev nruj tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm qee qhov nyuaj.
• Duplex stainless hlau feem ntau muaj kev zoo, Feem ntau zoo tshaj rau cov qib Ferritic thiab zoo dua Martensitic cov qib kawm ntawm cov zog sib luag, Txawm hais tias tsis yog ib txwm muaj cov qib tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm qhov chaw kub heev.
• Phirt stainless cov hlau tuaj yeem ua tiav cov khoom siv zoo nrog rau lub zog siab, nyob ntawm cov kev kho mob tshwj xeeb.

Cov ntsiab lus rau cov tawv thiab cuam tshuam tsis kam:

Nyob rau hauv Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau tej xwm ib ncig:

• Austenitic Stainless hlau feem ntau muab kev sib txuam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev muaj zog thiab cuam tshuam tsis kam, tshwj xeeb ntawm tsawg kub.
• Cov hlau roj carbon tsawg kuj tseem nyuaj heev tab sis tuaj yeem txwv los ntawm lawv cov DBTTTT.
• Cov hlau hluav taws xob ntau cov pa hluav taws xob thiab tawv martenic stainless hlau zoo li muaj qis dua.

3.4 Tensile lub zog thiab elongation

Tensile zog (Qhov kawg Tensile Strength, UTS) yog qhov kev ntxhov siab tshaj plaws uas cov khoom siv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv thaum tab tom ncab lossis rub tawm ua ntej necking.

Elongation yog kev ntsuas ntawm ductility, sawv cev rau ntau npaum li cas cov khoom siv tuaj yeem deform plastically ua ntej kev sib tw.

Carbon Steel:

• Tensile zog: Nce nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon thiab nrog kev kho cua sov (Rau nruab nrab thiab cov pa roj carbon ntau).
  • Tsawg-carbon steel: ~ 400-550 mpa (58-80 ksi ua)
  • Nruab Nrab-Carbon Steel (ib qho tseem ceeb): ~ 550-700 MPa (80-102 ksi ua); (tshav kub kub): tuaj yeem ua tau ntau dua, mus txog 1000+ MPa.
  • High-carbon steel (tshav kub kub): Tau tshaj 1500-2000 MPa (217-290 ksi ua) Rau qee qib kawm thiab kev kho mob.
• Elongation: Feem ntau txo qis dua li cov ntsiab lus carbon thiab lub zog nce. Cov hlau roj carbon tsawg yog cov du ntau (e.g., 25-30% elongation), Thaum cov hlau tawv muaj zog muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau heev (<10%).

Stainless hlau:

• Tensile zog:
  • Austenitic (e.g., 304 ib qho tseem ceeb): ~ 515-620 mpa (75-90 ksi ua). Tuaj yeem nce siab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias (e.g., rau tshaj 1000 MPa).
  • Ferritic (e.g., 430 ib qho tseem ceeb): ~ 450-520 mpa (65-75 ksi ua).
  • Martensitic (e.g., 410 tshav kub kub): Muaj peev xwm ntawm ~ ~ 500 MPa rau dhau 1300 MPa (73-190 ksi ua) Nyob ntawm kev kho cua sov. 440C tuaj yeem tseem siab dua.
  • Duplex (e.g., 2205): ~ 620-800 MPa (90-116 ksi ua) lossis siab dua.
  • Ph Hlaus (e.g., 17-4Ph ntawv kho kom sov): Tuaj yeem ua tiav cov zog heev, e.g., 930-1310 MPa (135-190 ksi ua).
• Elongation:
  • Austenitic: Elongation zoo heev nyob rau hauv annealed xeev (e.g., 40-60%), txo qis nrog kev ua haujlwm txias.
  • Ferritic: Hnyav Elongation (e.g., 20-30%).
  • Martensitic: Qis elongation, Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tawv rau cov qib siab muaj zog (e.g., 10-20%).
  • Duplex: Zoo elongation (e.g., 25% lossis ntau dua).

Cov ntsiab lus rau lub zog tensile thiab elongation:

Cov Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau sib piv qhia ntau yam rau ob qho tib si:

• Ob tsev neeg tuaj yeem ua tiav lub zog tensile ntau dhau los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thiab cua sov (High-carbon steels thiab martensitic / pher stainless hlau).
• Cov hlau roj carbon tsawg thiab annealed ustenitic stainless hlau muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws ductility (elongation).
• High-zog versions ntawm ob leeg zoo li muaj qis dua ductility.

3.5 Cov tsos mob thiab nto kho

Kev ua kom zoo nkauj thiab cov npoo ua tiav yog cov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg siv khoom lag luam lossis cov ntaub ntawv kos duab.

Carbon Steel:

Carbon Steel feem ntau muaj npub, Matte grey tsos hauv nws lub xeev nyoos. Nws yog nquag mus rau saum npoo oxidation (kev xeb) Yog tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, uas yog qhov tsis xav tau rau feem ntau cov ntawv thov.
Kev kho cov npoo npoo: Txhawm rau txhim kho cov tsos thiab muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion, carbon steel yog yuav luag txhua tus kho. Cov kev kho mob ib txwm muaj xws li:

• Daim duab: Ntau yam ntawm cov xim thiab ua tiav.
• Hmoov Txheej: Ruaj khov thiab ntxim nyiam kom tiav.
• Galvanizing: Txheej Nrog Zinc Rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Corrosion (Cov txiaj ntsig tau nyob rau hauv ib tug spangled lossis matte grey tsos).
• Plating: Txheej nrog lwm cov hlau zoo li chromium (Hniav chrome), npib tsib xee, lossis cadmium rau cov tsos thiab kev tiv thaiv.
• Bluing lossis Black Oxide Txheej: Cov tshuaj lom neeg hloov tus txheej txheem txheej uas muab cov me corrosion tsis kam thiab tsaus nti, feem ntau siv rau cov cuab yeej thiab phom.

Stainless hlau:

Stainless hlau muaj npe rau nws cov ntxim nyiam, ci ntsa iab, thiab niaj hnub tsos. Lub passive chromium oxide txheej yog pob tshab, tso cai rau cov xim hlau duab los qhia los ntawm.
Nto tas: Stainless hlau tuaj yeem muab nrog ntau lub zeb ua tiav los yog txuas ntxiv ua tiav kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo nkauj:

• Mill Tiav (e.g., Tsis muaj. 1, 2B, 2D): Sib txawv los ntawm npub kom muaj ntsis. 2B yog ib qho chaw tsim hluav taws xob-lub hom phiaj txias.
• Polished tas (e.g., Tsis muaj. 4, Tsis muaj. 8 Daim iav): Tuaj yeem los ntawm ib tug txhuam satin saib li cas (Tsis muaj. 4) mus rau lub iav ua kom pom tseeb (Tsis muaj. 8). Cov no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev puas yog siv tshuab.
• Textured tas tag: Cov qauv tuaj yeem yog embossed los yog dov mus rau saum npoo rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj lossis ua haujlwm (e.g., Txhim Kho Kaw, Kev txo lub ntiaj teb).
• Coloured Stainless Hlau: Ua tiav los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg lossis cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob uas hloov cov tuab ntawm txheej passive, Tsim Cov Xim, los ntawm PVD (Lub cev Vapor Deposition) txheej txheej.

Stainless hlau feem ntau tsis tas yuav thav duab lossis txheej rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion, uas tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntev lub sij hawm kev kho mob kom zoo. Nws tau txais qhov ua tiav yog feem ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws xaiv.

Cov ntsiab lus rau cov tsos thiab nto kho:

Nyob rau hauv Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau Sib piv rau tsos:

• Stainless hlau muaj ib tug zoo nkauj txaus nyiam thiab corrosion-resistant ua tiav uas tuaj yeem txhim kho ntxiv.
• Carbon Steel yuav tsum tau kho cov kev kho kom zoo rau kev tiv thaiv kev ua kom zoo nkauj thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion.

4. Corrosion Resistance sib piv: Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau (Hauv qhov tob)

Qhov sib txawv hauv kev tiv thaiv corrosion yog li qhov tseem ceeb rau cov Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau Kev txiav txim siab tias nws yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxiv.

4.1 Cov Txheej Txheem Yooj Yim

Corrosion yog kev puas tsuaj nce ntawm cov khoom (feem ntau yog hlau) los ntawm kev tshuaj lom neeg lossis hluav taws xob ntxiv nrog lawv ib puag ncig.

Rau cov hlau-raws li cov hlau, Cov ntawv feem ntau yog xeb.

• Corrosion ntawm Carbon Steel (Kev xeb):
  Thaum cov pa roj carbon hlau raug nthuav tawm ib puag ncig muaj ob oxygen thiab noo noo (Txawm cov av noo hauv huab cua), Ib qho hluav taws xob hauv tshuab hluav taws xob yog tsim ntawm nws cov nplaim.
  1. Anodic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: Hlau (Fe) Atoms poob electrons (tus pa) los ua hlau ions (Noj lom zem):
     Fi 8 Fe²⁺ + 2e⁻
  2. Cathodic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: Pa (O₂) Thiab dej (Lub hau loos) Ntawm qhov chaw txais cov tshuab hluav taws xob no (ua kom me dua):
     O₂ + 2Lub hau loos + 4e → 4oh⁻ (Hauv nruab nrab lossis alkaline cov xwm txheej)
     los yog o₂ + 4H⁺ + 4E → → 2h₂o (Hauv acidic tej yam kev mob)
  3. Tsim ntawm xeb: Cov hlau ions (Noj lom zem) Tom qab ntawd hnov ​​mob nrog hydroxide ions (Oh⁻) thiab ntxiv nrog oxygen los ua cov roj hlau ntau, sib sau ua xeb. Ib daim foos yog Ferric hydroxide, Fe(Huag)₃, uas tom qab ntawd dehydrates mus rau Fe₂₂₃₃₃.
     Noj lom zem + 2Oh⁻ → Fe(Huag)₂ (Ferrous hydroxide)
     4Fe(Huag)₂ + O₂ + 2Huit → 4fe(Huag)₃ (Ferric hydroxide - xeb)
     Cov xeb xeb tsim ntawm cov hlau hlau feem ntau:

• Khav: Nws tso cai noo thiab cov pa oxygen rau nkag mus rau cov hlau hauv qab.
• Tsis-adherent / flaky: Nws tuaj yeem yooj yim tshem tawm, Exposing tshiab hlau los ntxiv corrosion.
• Loj hlob: Quav nyob rau lub ntim loj dua cov hlau qub, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab kev puas tsuaj hauv kev txwv tsis pub siv.

Yog li, Corrosion nyob rau hauv Carbon Steel yog tus txheej txheem hais txog tus kheej tshwj tsis yog cov hlau tiv thaiv.

4.2 Kev tiv thaiv kev ua nruj rau cov hlau

Vim nws qhov ntxim nyiam ua rau corrosion, Carbon Steel yuav luag txhua tus yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv thaum siv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig nrog noo noo thiab oxygen.

Cov tswv yim sib xws suav nrog:

1. Cov Khaub Ncaws Tiv Thaiv: Tsim lub cev lub cev ntawm cov hlau thiab cov chaw muaj kev sib cav.
   • Xim thiab cov xim tha xim organic: Muab ib qho thaiv thiab tseem tuaj yeem muaj cov xeb ntawd tsis suav. Yuav tsum tau npaj kom zoo rau kev npaj zoo adhesion zoo. Raug rau kev puas tsuaj thiab huab cua, xav tau kev rov thov dua.
   • Metallic Txheej Txheem:
     • Galvanizing: Txheej nrog zinc (kub-dip galvanizing lossis electrogalvanizing). Zinc yog ntau dua qub dua li hlau, yog li nws corrodes nyiam (Kev tiv thaiv kev tua fij los yog tiv thaiv cov Cathodic) txawm hais tias txheej txheej yog kos.
     • Plating: Txheej nrog hlau xws li chromium, npib tsib xee, tin, lossis cadmium. Qee qhov kev tiv thaiv qee qhov teeb meem, lwm tus (zoo li chrome dhau nickel) muab ib qho kev zoo nkauj thiab hnav-resistant nto.
   • Hloov dua siab tshiab pleev xim: Tshuaj Kho Mob Zoo li phosphating lossis oxide oxide txheej, uas tsim nyias, Cov txheej tsis zoo uas muaj me corrosion tsis kam thiab txhim kho cov xim nplaum pleev xim.
2. Sib ntxaws (Tsawg-alloy steels): Cov khoom me me me me xws li tooj liab, chromium, npib tsib xee, thiab phosphorus tuaj yeem txhim kho cov cua hauv kev ua kom haum ntawm kev sib sau cov txheej txheem xeb ntxiv (e.g., "Weathering hlau" zoo li Cor-Kaum®). Txawm li cas los, Cov no tseem muaj piv rau cov hlau tsis muaj.
3. Cathodic Kev Tiv Thaiv: Ua cov pa roj carbon steel tsim lub cathode ntawm ib qho ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob.
   • Kev fij Tuag: Txuas cov hlau ua kom zoo dua (zoo li zinc, magnesium, los yog txhuas) uas corrodes hloov cov hlau.
   • Ua kom muaj tam sim no: Thov ib qho DC sab nraud tam sim no los yuam cov hlau los ua tus Cathode.
     Siv rau cov qauv loj xws li Pipelines, nkoj nkoj, thiab kev tso tsheb hlau luam.
4. Kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig: Modifying ib puag ncig ua kom nws muaj kev xeb tsawg dua, e.g., kev tso tseg, Siv corrosion inhibitors hauv tshuab kaw.

Cov kev ntsuas no ntxiv rau tus nqi thiab kev sib tw ntawm kev siv carbon hlau tab sis feem ntau yuav tsum muaj rau kev ua tiav lub neej kev pabcuam siv tau.

4.3 "Kev Kho Mob Rau Yus Tus Kheej" Passive Oxide Zaj Duab Xis Ntawm Cov Hlau Stainless

Tsim khoom:

Stainless hlau (≥10.5% CR) ua nyias, Ruaj Khom Nqi Chromium Oxide (Cruo₃) txheej thaum raug oxygen (cua lossis dej):
2Cr + 3/2 ₂ → croo₃
Qhov kev ua yeeb yaj kiab passive no tsuas yog 1-5 nanometers tuab tab sis tightly adheres rau saum npoo thiab tiv thaiv kev xeb ntxiv.

Cov Khoom Siv Tseem Ceeb:

• Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv: Thaiv Corrosive Elicials los ntawm ncav cov hlau.
• Chemically ruaj khov: Cr₂o₃ tiv taus kev tawm tsam nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov chaw ib puag ncig.
• Kho tus kheej: Yog tias kos, txheej txheej hloov pauv tam sim ntawd hauv oxygen nyob.
• Dawb vog: Yog li nyias tias cov hlau cov xim hlau thiab ci.

Yam Khoom Siv Txhim Kho Lub Caij Nyoog:

• Chromium: Ntau cr = muaj zog zaj duab xis.
• Molybdenum (Mo): Txhim kho mus rau chlorides (e.g., hauv 316).
• Nickel (Hauv): Stabilizes austenite thiab txhim kho corrosion tsis kam ua cov acids.
• Huv si: du, Cov nplaim hluav taws xob tsis zoo.

Txwv - thaum txheej passive swb:

• Chloride nres: Ua rau pitting thiab crevice corrosion.
• Txo cov kua qaub: Tuaj yeem yaj cov txheej passive.
• Oxygen Tsis Txaus: Tsis muaj oxygen = tsis muaj kev sib thab.
• Siab zoo: Kev Kho Mob Ua Zaum Ua Ua Rau Chromium Doepetion ntawm Cov ciaj ciam nplej; mitigated los ntawm cov roj carbon tsawg lossis ruaj khov (e.g., 304L, 316L).

Xaus:

Txawm hais tias tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, Stainless Hlau tus kheej kho cov yeeb yaj kiab passive ua rau nws zoo dua, Kev tiv thaiv kev txhim kho corrosion-ib qho ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig loj tshaj plaws hla cov roj carbon hlau.

5. Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau: Kev tsim thiab kev tsim khoom

Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab microstructure ntawm Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau kuj ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lawv tus cwj pwm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm tsim.

5.1 Txiav, tsim, thiab vuam

Cov no yog cov txheej txheem fabrice, Thiab kev xaiv ntawm steel yam cuam tshuam lawv.

Txiav:

• Carbon Steel:
  • Cov hlau roj carbon tsawg yog feem ntau yooj yim rau kev txiav ntau txoj hauv kev: txiav, sawing, ntshav txiav, Oxy-Roj Txiav (Nplaim Txiav), Thiab Laser Txiav.
  • Cov hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon ntau dua ua nyuaj rau txiav kom yog cov ntsiab lus carbon. Oxy-roj txiav yog tseem ua tau zoo, Tab sis yuav tsum muaj rau cov ntu tuab dua ntawm cov qib ntau dua los tiv thaiv kev tawg. Tshuab dhos (sawing, milling) yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv nyuaj rau cov khoom siv thiab qeeb qeeb.
• Stainless hlau:
  • Austenitic Stainless hlau (e.g., 304, 316) yog paub rau lawv cov haujlwm ua haujlwm siab-tawv thiab qis dua thermal conductivity piv rau cov hlau. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lawv nyuaj rau tshuab (txiav, xyaum, tuav txhuv). Lawv xav tau cov cuab yeej ntse, Rigid Teeb, qeeb qeeb, Ntau dua txau, thiab cov roj ua kom zoo / ua kom txias los tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej hnav thiab ua haujlwm tawv. Ntshav txiav thiab laser txiav ua tau zoo. Lawv tsis feem ntau txiav los ntawm oxy-roj txoj kev vim tias cov chromium oxide tiv thaiv oxidation xav tau rau cov txheej txheem.
  • Cov hlau ferritic stainless feem ntau yooj yim dua rau lub tshuab kom muaj kev sib tw, Nrog tus cwj pwm txav ze rau cov roj carbon, Tab sis tuaj yeem yog "gummy."
  • Martensitic Stainless hlau hauv lawv Annealed lub xeev yog machinable, Tab sis tuaj yeem nyuaj. Hauv lawv lub xeev tawv, lawv yog cov heev nyuaj rau lub tshuab thiab feem ntau yuav tsum sib tsoo.
  • Duplex stainless hlau muaj lub zog siab thiab ua haujlwm-harden sai, ua rau lawv nyuaj tshaj rau lub tshuab ua haujlwm. Lawv yuav tsum tau txua cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab ua kom zoo.

tsim (Dabtsi yog khoov, Kev kos duab, Tau luam tawm):

• Carbon Steel:
  • Tsawg-carbon steels yog tsim heev vim lawv qhov kev ua kom zoo nkauj thiab tsis tshua muaj zog. Lawv tuaj yeem yauv nyom cov khoom tsis zoo uas tsis muaj kev tawg.
  • Cov hlau loj thiab cov pa roj carbon ntau tau txo qis. Txoj kev tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj zog, loj hlob radii, thiab tej zaum yuav tsum tau ua thaum nce qhov kub lossis hauv qhov mob annealed.
• Stainless hlau:
  • Austenitic Stainless hlau yog heev tsim nyog vim lawv lub siab siab thiab elongation zoo, Txawm hais tias lawv nyiam ua haujlwm-harden. Kev ua haujlwm hnyav tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv qee cov haujlwm raws li nws nce lub zog ntawm cov feem. Txawm li cas los, Nws kuj txhais tau tias ntau txoj kev quab yuam yuav xav tau piv rau cov hlau roj carbon, thiab springback tuaj yeem tshaj tawm ntau dua.
  • Ferritic stainless hlau feem ntau muaj cov kev ua kom zoo, Zoo ib yam li lossis tsawg dua tsawg dua cov hlau roj carbon, Tab sis tuaj yeem raug txwv los ntawm lawv qhov qis dua qhov sib piv nrog Austenitics.
  • Martensitic Stainless hlau muaj cov ntawv tsis zoo, Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub zog tawv. Txoj kev ua ib txwm ua nyob rau hauv lub xeev annealed.
  • Duplex stainless hlau muaj lub zog siab dua thiab kev du ncauj qis dua li kev ua haujlwm, ua rau lawv nyuaj dua los tsim. Lawv yuav tsum tau tsim kev loj hlob ntau thiab ceev faj kom khoov radii.

Vuam:

Zuag qhia tag nrho: Nyob rau hauv Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau Kev sib piv rau General Fabrication, Tsawg-steel hlau feem ntau yog qhov yooj yim thiab pheej yig los ua haujlwm nrog. Austenitic Stainless hlau, Thaum tsim nyog thiab weldable, tam sim no cov kev sib tw tshwj xeeb xws li ua haujlwm tawv thiab xav tau cov tswv yim sib txawv thiab cov qauv sib txawv.

5.2 Kev Kho Cua Sov

Kev Kho Cua Sov Caw Koom Tes Ua Cua Sov thiab cua txias ntawm cov hlau los hloov lawv cov microstructure thiab ua tiav cov khoom siv xav tau.

Carbon Steel:

Cov Hlau Kho, tshwj xeeb yog nruab nrab thiab cov qhab nia siab carbon, yog heev ua rau ntau yam kev kho mob:

• Annealing: Cua sov thiab qeeb kom ua muag hlau, Txhim Kho Ductility Thiab Tshuab Luam Ntawv, thiab txo kev ntxhov siab sab hauv.
• Li no: Cua sov saum toj no qhov tseem ceeb kub thiab huab cua txias rau cov qauv grood thiab txhim kho kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom.
• Hardening (Quenching): Cua sov rau lub Austeniting kub thiab tom qab ntawd sai sai txias (quenching) Hauv dej, roj, lossis huab cua hloov Austenite mus rau martensite, ib qho nyuaj heev thiab sib cav sib ceg. Tsuas yog cov hlau nrog cov ntsiab lus muaj roj carbon txaus (feem ntau >0.3%) tuaj yeem ua tau hardened los ntawm quenching.
• Tempering: Rov qab ua kom muaj kev quaj (ua plaub hau) Hlau rau ib qho kub rau qhov kub nyob hauv qab qhov tseem ceeb, tuav ib lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd txias. Qhov no txo ​​qhov brittleness, thim kev ntxhov siab, thiab txhim kho kev nruj, feem ntau nrog qee qhov txo qis hauv hardness thiab lub zog. Cov khoom kawg yog tswj los ntawm qhov kub siab.
• Case Hardening (Carburizing, Nitriving, lwm.): Cov kev kho mob saum npoo uas diffuse carbon lossis nitrogen rau saum npoo ntawm cov roj carbon steel tsawg los tsim ib qho nyuaj, Hnav cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv sab nraud thaum tswj cov tub ntxhais hluas tawv.

Stainless hlau:

Kev kho cua sov teb cov lus teb sib txawv ntawm cov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau stainless:

• Austenitic Stainless hlau: Tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tawv tawv los ntawm kev kho cua sov (quenching thiab tempering) Vim tias lawv cov qauv Austenic yog qhov ruaj khov.
  • Annealing (Kev daws Annealing): Cua sov rau qhov kub siab (e.g., 1000-1150° C lossis 1850-2100 ° F) ua raws li los ntawm kev txias txias (Dej tso tawm rau cov tuab tuab) kom yaj txhua yam carbides thiab kom muaj kev ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem austenic. Qhov muag muag no cov khoom siv, thim kev nyuaj siab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias, thiab maximizes corrosion tsis kam.
  • Kev ntxhov siab: Tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm qhov kub qis dua, Tab sis kev saib xyuas yog xav tau kom tsis txhob muaj kev paub txog qhov tsis yog-l lossis tsis yog-ruaj khov kawm.
• Cov hlau ferritic stainless: Feem ntau tsis nyuaj los ntawm kev kho cua sov. Lawv feem ntau annealed los txhim kho kev sib luag thiab txo qis kev ntxhov siab. Qee qib kawm tuaj yeem raug kev txom nyem los ntawm embrittlement yog tias muaj nyob rau hauv qee qhov kub.
• Martensitic Stainless Hlau: Yog tshwj xeeb tsim los ua kom tawv los ntawm kev kho cua sov. Cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog:
  • Authenitizing: Cua sov rau qhov kub siab kom tsim cov Austenite.
  • Quenching: Sai sai txias (Hauv cov roj lossis huab cua, Nyob ntawm cov qhab nia) Txhawm rau hloov pauv Austenite martensite.
  • Tempering: Rov ua kom sov rau qhov ntsuas kub tshwj xeeb kom ua tiav qhov kev xav sib npaug ntawm kev nyuaj, zog, thiab toughness.
• Duplex stainless hlau: Feem ntau muab rau hauv kev daws-annealed thiab quenched mob. Kev Kho Nyiaj Txiag (e.g., 1020-1100° C lossis 1870-2010 ° F) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav qhov tseeb Ferrite-Austenite theem tshuav nyiaj li cas thiab yaj ua cov theem cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam intermetallic theem.
• Nag lossis daus-tawv (PH) Cov Hlau Stainless: Yauv mus rau ob-theem kev kho cua sov:
  • Kev Kho Mob (Annealing): Zoo ib yam li Austenic annaling, Txhawm rau muab cov khoom siv ua ke rau hauv cov teeb meem.
  • Kev ua laus (Cov nag lossis daus Hardening): Rov ua kom sov rau qhov kub ntxhov (e.g., 480-620° C lossis 900-1150 ° F) Rau lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb kom tso cai rau kev nplua intermetallic hais rau precipitate, zoo heev zuj zus zog thiab hardness.

Cov Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau Kev sib piv pom tias thaum muaj ntau cov roj carbon hlau cia siab rau qhov quenching thiab tempering rau lawv cov khoom kawg, Cov kev kho cua sov kom ze rau cov hlau tsis muaj ntau ntau haiv neeg, kho rau lawv cov hom microstration microstration.

6. Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau: Cov cheeb tsam thov

Cov khoom sib txawv ntawm Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau ib txwm coj lawv kom tau txais kev nyiam nyob hauv cov chaw thov sib txawv. Qhov kev xaiv no yog tsav los ntawm kev ua tau zoo xav tau, ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob, Kev Xav Tau Ntev Ntev, thiab nqi.

6.1 Daim ntawv thov cov chaw ntawm stainless hlau

Stainless Hlau tus thawj qhov txiaj ntsig-corrosion tawm tsam-ua ke nrog nws qhov kev thov kom zoo nkauj, kev tu cov khoom lag luam tu, thiab lub zog zoo hauv ntau qib, ua rau nws haum rau ntau yam ntawm cov ntawv thov xav tau:

Kev ua zaub mov thiab ua noj ua haus:

• Khoom siv: Tso tso hlau rau, muab vats, kav dej, conveyors, Kev npaj chaw nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov thiab dej haus nroj tsuag (Feem ntau 304L, 316L rau kev nyiam huv thiab corrosion tsis kam).
• Cookware thiab Cutlery: Lub thawv, tus lauj kaub, riam, diav rawg, spoons (Ntau qib nyiam 304, 410, 420, 440C).
• Khoom Siv Chav Ua Noj: Sinks, Tshuab ntxuav tais diav, Tub Yees Qhov Rooj, qhov cub.

Kho Mob thiab Tshuaj:

• Kev phais cov twj: Daim loj, lub zog, clamps (Martensitic qib nyiam 420, 440C rau hardness thiab ntse; Qee qhov Austenitics zoo li 316L).
• Kev Cog Tshuaj Kho Mob: Kev Hloov Party (lub duav, lub hauv caug), Pob Txha Screws, kev cog hniav (Cov qib biocompair zoo li 316LV, titanium kuj muaj ntau).
• Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob: Lub nkoj, kav dej, thiab cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum muaj kev coj dawb huv thiab kev tiv thaiv kom muaj kev ntxuav kom huv.

Tshuaj lom neeg thiab petrochemical Industries:

• Tso tso hlau rau, Lub nkoj, Thiab reactors: Rau khaws cia thiab ua cov tshuaj corrosive (316L, Duplex Steels, siab dua untoyed Austenitics).
• Piping Systems: Thauj cov kua dej corrosive.
• Cov Hluav Taws Xob Tshav Kub Kub: Qhov twg corrosion tsis kam thiab thermal hloov yog xav tau.

Architecture thiab kev tsim kho:

• Sab nrauv cladding thiab facades: Rau kev thov kom ua tiav thiab kev thov kev pom zoo (e.g., 304, 316).
• Voj Tsev thiab nyem: Ntev ntev thiab corrosion-resistant.
• Tus tuav tes, Balustrades, thiab dai kom zoo nkauj: Niaj hnub nimno tsos thiab kev saib xyuas me.
• Cov Qauv Txheej Txheem: Nyob rau hauv kev xeb ib puag ncig lossis qhov chaw siab yog qhov xav tau (Duplex Steels, Qee cov ntu Austenitic).
• Qhob Qhov Cuab (Tus rebar): Stainless hlau rebar rau cov qauv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig corrosive heev (e.g., Txuas hniav hauv thaj chaw ntug hiav txwv) Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov rooj ua kom tawg vim yog xeb nthuav.

Automotive thiab Tsheb Thauj Mus Los:

• Kev nqus tshuab: Catalytic converter plhaub, mufflers, tus ntses taub hau (Cov qhab nia nyob zoo li 409, 439; Qee cov Austenitics rau kev ua haujlwm siab dua).
• Roj Tso Tsheb Hlau Luam Thiab Kab: Rau corrosion tsis kam.
• Luas thiab dai hniav.
• Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem hauv tsheb npav thiab tsheb ciav hlau.

Aerospace:

• High-zog Cheebtsam: Cav qhov chaw, Tsaws Iav Cheebtsam, fasteners (Phom Me Hlau, Qee cov qhab nia Martensitic).
• HYDRAULIC tubing thiab roj kab.

Marine ib puag ncig:

• Nkoj fittings: Chass, railings, tus twj, cov ncej (316L, Duplex cov hlau rau cov chloride zoo tshaj).
• Cov roj offshore thiab roj platform: Piping, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom.

Lub zog tiam:

• Turbine tuaj: (Martensitic thiab PH Qeb).
• Tub Ceev Tshav Kub, Condenser tubing.
• Nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag Cheebtsam.

Pulp thiab Ntawv Kev Lag Luam:

Cov cuab yeej siv nthuav tawm rau cov tshuaj tov tshuaj corrosive.

6.2 Daim ntawv thov cov tshuaj ntawm cov hlau

Cov Hlau Hlau, Vim nws cov khoom siv zoo, versatility los ntawm kev kho cua sov, muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo heev (Rau cov qhab nia tsawg), thiab tus nqi qis dua, tseem cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm ua haujlwm rau cov ntawv thov loj heev uas yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb uas yog tsis yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb thawj lossis qhov uas nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kom txaus.

Kev tsim kho thiab vaj tse:

• Cov Qauv Qauv: Kuv-beams, H-Beams, cov channel, Cov ces kaum rau kev tsim cov thav ntawv, choj, thiab lwm yam qauv (feem ntau tsawg rau nruab nrab-carbon steels).
• Kev txhawb nqa cov tuav (Tus rebar): Rau pob zeb ua qauv (Txawm hais tias stainless yog siv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig).
• Piping: Rau dej, gas, Thiab Cov Roj Tsheb Kis (e.g., API 5L cov qib).
• Sheet piling thiab lub hauv paus piles.
• Vov tsev thiab tog (Feem ntau coated): Galvanized los yog pleev xim hlau los xij.

Automotive Kev Lag Luam:

• Tsheb Lub Cev Thiab Chassis: Stamped panels, ncej (Ntau qib ntawm cov hlau qis thiab nruab nrab-carbon, suav nrog high-zog tsawg-alloy (HSLA) Cov hlau uas yog hom carbon hlau nrog microalloying).
• Lub Cav Txheej Txheem: Crankshafts, txuas rods, camshafts (Nruab nrab-carbon, Forged Steels).
• Zog thiab ntaub qhwv: (Nruab nrab rau cov hlau roj carbon ntau, feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv-hardened lossis los ntawm-tawv).
• Fasteners: Paj, txiv ntseej, ntsia hlau.

Machinery thiab khoom siv:

• Tshuab thav duab thiab hauv paus.
• Zog, Shafts, Couplings, Cov kabmob (feem ntau tshwj xeeb cov pa roj carbon lossis alloy hlau).
• Cov cuab yeej: Cov cuab yeej tes (rabAM, Wrenches - Nruab Nrab-Carbon), cov cuab yeej txiav (xyaum, chisels - high-carbon).
• Cov Khoom Siv Ua Teb: Plows, harrows, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom.

Kev Siv Zog:

• Lub xov khoom: Rau roj thiab roj tsheb thauj khoom (Raws li tau hais).
• Kev Tso Tsheb Hlau Luam: Rau Cov Roj, gas, Thiab dej (feem ntau nrog kev tiv thaiv sab hauv lossis tshuaj tiv thaiv cathodic).
• Laum Kav Thiab Tej Casings.

Rail Tsheb Thauj Mus Los:

• Railway Cov lem (Rails): High-carbon, Hnav-resistant steel.
• Cov log thiab Axles.
• Lub Tsheb Tsav Tsheb.

Shipbuilding (Hull cov qauv):

• Thaum Stainless yog siv rau fittings, Lub Hull cov qauv ntawm feem ntau cov nkoj lag luam loj tshaj plaws yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau (Ntau qib ntawm marine steel zoo li qib a, AH36, D36) Vim muaj nqi thiab weldability, Nrog cov tshuab tiv thaiv corrosion.

Cov Cuab Yeej Siv Khoom thiab Dies:

• High-carbon steels (Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej, uas tuaj yeem yog cov pa roj carbon lossis sib dhos) yog siv rau punches, tuag, pwm, thiab txiav cov cuab yeej vim lawv lub peev xwm yuav tsum ua kom tawv rau theem siab.

Cov Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau Daim ntawv thov sib piv qhia tau tias cov pa roj carbon steel nyob qhov twg thiab lub zog yog thawj cov tsav tsheb thiab kev xeb tuaj yeem tswj hwm, thaum stainless hlau txawj ua rau kev mob corrosion, kev tu yus tus kheej, los yog ib qho kev zoo nkauj / cov khoom kub-kub yog qhov tseem ceeb.

7. Tus Nqi Kev Ntsuam Xyuas thiab Kev Lag Luam: Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau

Cov kev lag luam yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau Kev txiav txim siab txheej txheem. Qhov no tsis yog thawj cov khoom siv thawj zaug tab sis kuj ua, kev saib xyuas, thiab tus nqi kav.

7.1 Sib piv ntawm Raw Khoom Siv

Carbon Steel:

Feem ntau, Carbon Steel muaj qhov qis dua Thawj zaug yuav nqe ib chav phaus (e.g., ib phaus lossis ib phaus) piv rau cov hlau stainless. Qhov no feem ntau vim tias:

• Ntau cov ntaub ntawv raw: Hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon tau yooj yim thiab cov pheej yig.
• Yeem yooj yim: Nws tsis tas yuav muaj nqi expoying xws li chromium, npib tsib xee, los yog molybdenum nyob rau hauv ntau ntau.
• Paub tab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm: Kev tsim cov tshuaj carbon hlau yog cov txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov txheej txheem loj.

Stainless hlau:

Stainless hlau yog inherently ntau kim ntxiv upfront vim:

• Tus nqi alloy ntsiab lus: Tus thawj tsav tsheb yog cov khoom siv alloy uas muab nws cov khoom "stainless":
  • Chromium (Cr): Tsawg li tsawg tau 10.5%, feem ntau ntau dua.
  • Nickel (Hauv): Ib qho tseem ceeb hauv Austenitic qib (nyiam 304, 316), thiab npib tsib xee yog cov hlau hluav taws xob zoo nrog cov nqi volatile nqi.
  • Molybdenum (Mo): Ntxiv rau txhim kho corrosion tsis kam (e.g., hauv 316), Thiab nws kuj tseem muaj nuj nqis.
  • Lwm cov ntsiab lus xws li Titanium, niobium, lwm., kuj ntxiv rau tus nqi.
• Ntau cov ntau lawm ntau lawm: Cov txheej txheem raug rau rau stainless hlau, suav nrog melting, ua kom ua kom ru tsev (e.g., Argon Oxygen Decarburization - AOD), Thiab tswj cov khoom lag luam ncaj ncees, tuaj yeem ua tau ntau dua thiab lub zog-sib zog tshaj rau cov hlau.

7.2 Ua thiab Txij Nkawm Cov Nqi

Thawj cov khoom siv tsuas yog ib feem ntawm kev sib npaug nyiaj txiag.

Nqi (Kev yuav):

• Carbon Steel:
  • Tshuab dhos: Feem ntau yooj yim dua thiab nrawm rau tshuab, ua rau cov nqi qis dua thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
  • Vuam: Tsawg-steel hlau yog yooj yim rau weld nrog tsawg cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab yooj yim txheej txheem. Cov pa roj carbon ntau dua yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb ntau (thiab kim) Vuam cov txheej txheem.
  • tsim: Tsawg-cov hlau hlau tau yooj yim tsim nrog cov rog qis dua.
• Stainless hlau:
  • Tshuab dhos: Tuaj yeem nyuaj dua, Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Austenitic thiab Duplex qeb, Vim yog ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tawv thiab qis dua thermal conductivity. Qhov no feem ntau ua rau qeeb qeeb machining ceev, Ntau Lawm Hnav, thiab cov nqi zog siab dua.
  • Vuam: Yuav tsum muaj cov tub rog tshwj xeeb, feem ntau ntau tus kws tshaj lij welders, thiab kev tswj hwm kev ua tib zoo. Cov Tiv Thaiv Roj (e.g., argon rau tig) yog qhov tseem ceeb.
  • tsim: Austenitic cov qib tau tsim tau tab sis yuav tsum muaj ntau zog vim yog ua haujlwm tawv. Lwm qib tuaj yeem sib tw ntau dua.
    Zuag qhia tag nrho, Cheebtsam Fabrication rau cov hlau tsis muaj hlau yog feem ntau siab dua rau cov khoom siv hlau.

Tu nqi:

Nov yog qhov twg Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau Kev sib piv cov lus qhia feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev nyiam ntawm stainless hlau dhau lub sijhawm ntev, Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev xeb ib puag ncig.

• Carbon Steel:
  • Yuav tsum muaj txheej txheej tiv thaiv thawj zaug (daim duab, Galvanizing).
  • Cov txheej txheej no muaj lub neej zoo thiab yuav xav tau kev tshuaj xyuas ib ntus, kho, thiab kev rov ua haujlwm thoob plaws hauv lub neej ntawm cov tivthaiv kom tiv thaiv corrosion. Qhov no suav nrog kev ua hauj lwm, cov ntaub ntawv, thiab muaj peev xwm downtime.
  • Yog tias xeb tsis yog tsim nyog tswj hwm, Cov qauv kev ntseeg tuaj yeem tuaj yeem ua tau zoo, Ua rau kom them nqi lossis hloov.
• Stainless hlau:
  • Feem ntau yuav tsum tau kho me me rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion vim nws cov nyiaj passive passive txheej.
  • Txhawm rau kom pom cov tsos, Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig nrog nto tso nyiaj, Lub sij hawm ntxuav tu yuav xav tau-tab sis feem ntau tsawg dua thiab tsawg dua ntau dua li recoating carbon hlau.
  • Qhov "kho tus kheej" ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab passive txhais tau tias feem ntau khawb ntau zaus tsis muaj kev sib luag nws corrosion tsis kam.

Qhov kev txo qis tseem ceeb no hauv kev saib xyuas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txuag nyiaj ntev ntev nrog cov hlau stainless.

7.3 Lub Neej Ntawm Lub Neej (Lcc) thiab rov ua dua tshiab

Ib qho kev sib piv muaj txiaj ntsig tiag yuav tsum xav txog kev siv lub neej tag nrho ntawm cov khoom.

Lub Neej Ntawm Lub Neej (Lcc):

LBC Kev Xam Xam nrog:

1. Thawj cov khoom siv
2. Fabrication thiab cov nqi nruab
3. Cov nqi khiav hauj lwm (Yog tias muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv)
4. Kev Txij Nkawm thiab Kho Cov Nqi Siv Rau Lub Neej Kev Pab Cuam
5. Pov tseg lossis rov ua dua tus nqi ntawm lub neej kawg

Thaum LCC raug txiav txim siab, stainless hlau feem ntau yuav muaj kev lag luam ntau dua li cov pa roj carbon hlau hauv cov ntawv thov uas:

• Ib puag ncig yog corrosive.
• Kev kho kev kho yog qhov nyuaj lossis kim.
• Downtime rau kev kho yog tsis tsim nyog.
• Kev pabcuam ntev ntev yog yuav tsum tau ua.
• Tus nqi Aesthetic thiab kev nyiam huv ntawm stainless hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb.
  Qhov siab dua thawj tus nqi ntawm stainless hlau tuaj yeem offset los ntawm cov nuj nqis qiv qis dua thiab ntev dua, Ntau txhim khu kev qha lub neej.

Ubno:

Ob qho tib si carbon hlau thiab stainless hlau yog cov khoom siv rov siv dua tshiab, uas yog ib qho kev ua ib puag ncig tseem ceeb thiab kev khwv nyiaj txiag.

• Carbon Steel: Dav rov ua dua tshiab. Steel scrap yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau tshiab ntau lawm.
• Stainless hlau: Kuj rov ua dua tshiab. Cov khoom siv alloy (chromium, npib tsib xee, molybdenum) Hauv cov stainless hlau seem yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tuaj yeem rov qab tau thiab siv rov qab rau hauv kev tsim cov hlau tshiab lossis lwm yam alloys. Qhov no pab txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txuag cov khoom siv nkauj xwb thiab kev noj kom muaj zog piv rau kev tsim khoom. Cov nqi hauv siab dua ntawm cov stainless hlau seem txhais tau tias nws feem ntau cov lus txib ib qho zoo dua li cov roj ntsha SCRAP.

Lub sijhawm ua kom muaj zog ua rau LCC ob cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev muab cov nqi seem ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lawv lub neej kev pabcuam.

8. Cov Khoom Siv Xaiv Kev Xaiv: Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau

Xaiv nruab nrab ntawm Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau yuav tsum muaj txoj hauv kev, Xav txog cov kev xav tau ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab cov khoom ntawm txhua cov khoom.

Seem no muab cov lus qhia los pab taw kev cov txheej txheem no.

8.1 Tej Hauj Lwm Yuav Tsum Xam Tau

Thawj kauj ruam yog kom pom tseeb meej txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv lossis cov qauv:

Neeg kho tshuab thauj khoom thiab kev ntxhov siab:

Dab tsi yog tensile xav tau, daim plhaub, nruj, khoov, lossis torsional loads?

Yog lub chaw thau khoom zoo li qub lossis muaj zog (kev qaug zog)?

Yog cuam tshuam loads xav tau?

Kev coj kev:

Cov kws tsim khoom tuaj yeem xaiv cov hlau hluav taws xob muaj zog cua sov lossis hluav taws xob kub stainless hlau zoo li Martensitic, PH, lossis qib qis dua thaum lawv xav tau zog heev.

Rau cov hom phiaj dav dav nrog kev thauj khoom, nruab nrab-carbon hlau lossis ib txwm stainless hlau qib nyiam 304/316 (Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog tias ua haujlwm txias) lossis 6061-t6 tuaj yeem ua tau txaus.

Yog tias muaj kev nyuaj thiab cuam tshuam tsis kam yog qhov tseem ceeb, Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum kub tsawg, Austenitic stainless hlau yog zoo dua.

Cov hlau roj carbon tsawg kuj nyuaj.

Kev khiav hauj lwm kub:

Puas yog qhov sib xyaw ua haujlwm ntawm ambient, tsa siab, lossis cryogenic kub?

Kev coj kev:

Austenitic stainless hlau kom zoo lub zog thiab kev tawv heev ntawm cryogenic kub.

Qee cov stainless hlau qib (e.g., 304H, 310, 321) muab cov nplov zoo thiab lub zog ntawm kev nce siab kub.

Cov hlau roj carbon hlau tuaj yeem poob tawv ntawm qhov kub tsawg (DBTt) thiab lub zog ntawm qhov kub heev (nkag).

Cov Khoom Siv Cov Khaub Ncaws Uas Muaj Feem Ntau Cov Hlau Hlau siv rau Kev Pab Kub Kub (e.g., Boiles Tubes).

Hnav thiab ua phem tsis kam:

Cov khoom sib xyaw puas yuav yog zawv zawg, rubbing, lossis abrasive hais?

Kev coj kev:

Rau cov ris tsho tiv thaiv, Ntau Xaiv Xaiv Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Kub-Hlau lossis Hardened Martensitic Stainless Hlau Zoo li 440C.

Austenitic stainless hlaus tuaj yeem yog gas yooj yim; txiav txim siab cov kev kho mob saum npoo lossis cov qhab nia nyuaj yog tias hnav yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb.

Muaj peev xwm thiab weldability yuav tsum tau:

Puas yog tus qauv tsim muaj cov duab nyuaj uas yuav tsum tau ua kom nruj?

Yuav muab walded?

Kev coj kev:

Rau qhov muaj kev muaj peev xwm, Cov hlau roj carbon tsawg lossis annealed ustenitic stainless hlau (zoo li 304-o) zoo heev.

Yog tias vuam yog ib feem loj ntawm kev fabrication, cov hlau roj carbon tsawg thiab cov hlau tsis muaj roj tsis yooj yim dua rau cov hlau loj dua cov hlau lossis cov hlau stainless.

Txiav txim siab weldability ntawm cov qhab nia tshwj xeeb.

8.2 Ib puag ncig thiab kev txiav txim siab nyab xeeb

Qhov chaw pabcuam thiab kev nyab xeeb-tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb:

Kev thaj chaw ib puag ncig:

Dab tsi yog qhov chaw ntawm ib puag ncig (e.g., huab, dej tsis qhuav dej, dej qab ntsev, Kev Siv Tshuaj)?

Kev coj kev:

Qhov no yog qhov twg stainless hlau feem ntau ua lub neej ntawd kev xaiv.

Cov huab cua me me: Carbon Steel nrog cov txheej zoo tej zaum yuav txaus. 304 SS rau kev ua haujlwm ntev dua.

Tubrog / chloride: 316 SS, DupleX ss, lossis ntau dua alloys. Carbon Steel yuav xav tau kev tiv thaiv zoo nkauj thiab txuas ntxiv.

Tshuaj: Tshwj xeeb cov qib tsis muaj menyuam (lossis lwm yam tshwj xeeb alloys) ua rau cov tshuaj.

Kev Tu Siab Yuav Tsum:

Yog daim ntawv thov hauv kev ua zaub mov noj, kho mob, lossis cov khoom lag luam uas nyiam huv thiab tsis yog-reactivity yog qhov tseem ceeb?

Kev coj kev:

Feem ntau nyiam cov hlau tsis tshua muaj feem ntau ntawm cov qib qis li 304L thiab 316L - rau nws du, tsis-ntxeem nto, Tu yooj yim, thiab corrosion kuj uas txwv tsis pub muaj paug.

Kev Xav Kom Zoo Nkauj:

Yog qhov pom kev pom ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb?

Kev coj kev:

Stainless hlau muaj ntau yam txaus nyiam thiab ruaj ruaj.

Cov pa roj carbon hlau yuav tsum tau pleev xim lossis plating rau kev ua kom zoo nkauj.

Magnetic Properties:

Daim ntawv thov puas yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv sib nqus, los yog yog magnetism lees txais / xav tau?

Kev coj kev:

Carbon Steel yog ib txwm sib nqus.

Austenitic Stainless Hlau (ib qho tseem ceeb) yog tsis muaj hlau nplaum.

Ferritic, tus ntaus rog, Thiab Duplex Stainless hlau hlau yog sib nqus.

Kev Nyab Xeeb Tseem Ceeb:

Dab tsi yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom tsis ua hauj lwm (e.g., kev khwv nyiaj txiag, Kev Puas Ib puag ncig, raug mob, poob ntawm lub neej)?

Kev coj kev:

Rau kev nyab xeeb-kev siv cuav, engineers feem ntau siv ib qho kev txuag ntau dua, Feem ntau xaiv cov ntaub ntawv kim dua uas muaj kev ntseeg siab ntau dua thiab kev pom zoo hauv thaj chaw pabcuam.

Qhov no yuav ntshiv ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb stainless hlau qib yog tias xeb yog qhov tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo rau cov roj carbon hlau.

8.3 Kev txiav txim siab tshaj plaws latrix: Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau

Kev txiav txim siab Matrix tuaj yeem pab cov kev xaiv sib txawv.

Cov qhab nia hauv qab no yog dav dav (1 = Txom nyem, 5 = Zoo heev); Cov qhab nia tshwj xeeb hauv txhua tsev neeg ntxiv rau lawv.

Qhov kev txiav txim siab yooj yim Matrix - Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau (Kev Sib Piv Dav)

Ua qhov kev xaiv yog nyob hauv Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau kev nyuaj rau kev ua kom muaj kev nkag siab ntawm cov khoom siv, Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Xav Tau, thiab kev lag luam muaj tseeb.

9. FAQ: Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau

Qi1: Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon hlau thiab hlau stainless?

A: Qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv yog chromium cov ntsiab lus-stainless hlau muaj tsawg kawg 10.5%, sib sau cov roj oxide uas tiv thaiv corrosion, Thaum Pa roj carbon hlau tsis muaj qhov no thiab xeb tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv.

Q2: Yog stainless hlau ib txwm zoo dua li cov roj carbon?

A: Stainless hlau tsis yog ib txwm zoo dua - nws nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov.

Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion tsis kam thiab ua kom zoo nkauj.

Thaum cov roj carbon steel tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog, nyuaj dua, yooj yim rau tshuab lossis weld, thiab feem ntau pheej yig dua.

Cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws yog tus uas haum rau qhov ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb, durability, thiab tus nqi xav tau.

Q3: Vim li cas cov hlau stainless kim dua cov hlau hlau?

A: Stainless hlau yog ntau kim ntau dua vim tias muaj nuj nqis alloying xws li chromium, npib tsib xee, thiab molybdenum, thiab nws cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke.

Qi4: Kuv puas tuaj yeem weld stainless hlau rau cov hlau?

A: Vuam Stainless Hlau Rau Carbon Steel siv dissimilar hlau vuam yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb.

Cov kev sib tw suav nrog kev nthuav dav hluav taws xob sib txawv, Cov pa taws, thiab cov galvanic corrosion.

Siv cov tub lim hlau sib xws li 309 los yog 312 Stainless hlau pab Choj cov khoom sib txawv. Tsim qauv tsim nyog thiab cov txheej txheem yog qhov tseem ceeb.

10. Xaus

Qhov sib piv ntawm Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau qhia ob qho ntxiv ntawm cov tsev neeg muaj cov tsev neeg sib txawv, txhua tus nrog ib qho tshwj xeeb profile ntawm cov khoom, qhov zoo, thiab txwv.

Cov Hlau Hlau, txhais los ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus carbon, muaj cov khoom siv dav dav ntawm cov khoom siv kho txhua yam, zoo formability (Tshwj xeeb yog cov qhab nia pheej yig), thiab zoo heev weldability, Txhua tus nqi qis dua tus nqi.

Nws achilles 'pob taws, txawm li cas los xij, yog nws txoj kev nyiam ua kom haum rau corrosion, yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv feem ntau ib puag ncig.

Stainless hlau, tsiag ntawv los ntawm nws qhov tsawg kawg nkaus 10.5% chromium cov ntsiab lus, cais nws tus kheej feem ntau los ntawm nws lub peev xwm zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv corrosion vim yog tsim ntawm lub passive, Kev Kho Mob Rau Yus Tus Kheej Txoj Hlaub Chromium Oxide.

Tshaj li no, Cov tsev neeg sib txawv ntawm cov tsev neeg uas tsis sib xws ntawm Stainless Hlau-Austhenitic, ferritic, tus ntaus rog, Duplex, thiab PH-muab ib qho dav dav ntawm cov khoom siv me txhua yam, los ntawm kev tawv heev thiab ductility rau kev tawv ntau thiab lub zog, nrog rau cov lus thov kom zoo nkauj.

Cov khoom siv txhim kho no, txawm li cas los xij, Tuaj rau ntawm cov khoom siv qib siab dua thiab feem ntau koom nrog kev qhia tshwj xeeb.

Qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm Carbon Steel vs Stainless hlau tsis yog teeb meem ntawm ib qho kev ua thoob ntiaj teb rau lwm tus.

Fab ntxeev, Qhov kev xaiv yog nyob ntawm kev paub tseeb kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb tau.