Aluminiyamu

11,915 Mawonedwe 2024-08-14 18:00:16

Kodi aluminiyamu ndi chiyani

Aluminiyamu (chizindikiro Al mu tebulo la periodic) ndi opepuka, chitsulo choyera-siliva chokhala ndi magetsi abwino komanso matenthedwe matenthedwe. Ndilo chinthu chachitsulo chochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi, kuwerengera za 8.2% ukulu wathunthu wa kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi. Aluminium ili ndi nambala ya atomiki 13 ndipo ndi wa Gulu 13 (IIIA) mu periodic table. Ndizitsulo zamtundu wa amphoteric zomwe zimatha kuchitapo kanthu pansi pa acidic komanso zamchere.

Kupezeka kwa aluminiyamu

Aluminiyamu anapezeka mochedwa kuposa zitsulo zina. Mu 1808, Katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku Britain Sir Humphry Davy anatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa alum ndipo anatcha aluminium mmenemo (Aluminium pambuyo pake idasinthidwa kukhala Aluminium). Mu 1825, Katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku Denmark ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo, Hans Oss, anayamba kuyesa kuchotsa aluminium. Sizinali mpaka 1827 kuti Friedrich Wöhler anagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha potaziyamu kuti achepetse chitsulo chosungunuka cha anhydrous aluminium chloride kuti apeze chinthu choyera chachitsulo cha aluminiyamu..

Makhalidwe a aluminiyamu ndi ma aluminiyamu alloys

A. Ochepa kachulukidwe

Kuchuluka kwa aluminiyumu ndi 2.7g/cm³ (gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kulemera kwake kwachitsulo ndi mkuwa), ndi ductility wabwino ndi madutsidwe awiri mwa magawo atatu a waya wamkuwa, koma gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kulemera kwake. Ndiwotsika mtengo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mawaya amphamvu kwambiri, zingwe, ndi mafakitale a wailesi. Kachulukidwe wa aluminiyamu wangwiro ndi otsika, koma kachulukidwe ndi kuuma kwa ma aluminiyamu aloyi zasinthidwa kwambiri. Pakadali pano, zitsulo za aluminiyamu zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale opangira zinthu monga ndege, magalimoto, sitima, ndi zombo. Kuphatikiza apo, mlengalenga roketi, ma shuttles, ndipo ma satellites ochita kupanga amagwiritsanso ntchito kuchuluka kwa aluminiyamu ndi ma aloyi ake a aluminiyamu.

B. Thermal conductor

Aluminiyamu ndi conductor wabwino wa kutentha (matenthedwe madutsidwe ake ndi 3 nthawi zambiri kuposa chitsulo). Aluminiyamu imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale kupanga zosinthira kutentha zosiyanasiyana, zipangizo zotenthetsera kutentha, ndi cookware.

C. Ductility

Mumlengalenga, wandiweyani oxide zoteteza filimu adzakhala pamwamba zotayidwa, kuzipangitsa kuti isachite dzimbiri. Choncho, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zachipatala, mankhwala riyakitala, zipangizo za firiji, zida zoyezera mafuta, mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi, ndi zina.

D. Kukana kutentha kochepa

Kukana kutentha kochepa. Pamene kutentha kuli kochepa, mphamvu ya aluminiyamu imawonjezeka m'malo mokhala brittle. Choncho, ndi zinthu zabwino kwa zipangizo otsika kutentha, monga kusungirako kuzizira, mufiriji, Galimoto ya chipale chofewa ku Antarctic, ndi zida zopangira hydrogen peroxide.

E. Kusinkhasinkha

Pepala la Aluminium limakhalanso ndi ntchito yabwino yowunikira, ndipo imawonetsa kuwala kwa ultraviolet mwamphamvu kwambiri kuposa siliva. Choyera kwambiri ndi aluminiyumu, bwino luso lake lowunikira. Choncho, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zowunikira zapamwamba kwambiri, monga ma solar cooker reflectors.

Gulu la ma aluminiyamu aloyi

Mwa njira zopangira, Aluminiyamu aloyi akhoza m'gulu:

Kuyika ma aluminiyamu aloyi

Kuponyera ma aluminiyamu aloyi ndi mtundu wa aloyi a aluminiyamu opangidwa makamaka kuti aziponya. Ma alloys awa ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera kuti athe kutsanuliridwa mu nkhungu yosungunuka ndikupangidwa kukhala magawo omwe amafunidwa pambuyo pozizira ndi kulimba.. Kuyika ma aluminiyamu aloyi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale angapo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo abwino kwambiri.

Ma aluminiyamu otayira nthawi zambiri amaponyedwa pogwiritsa ntchito filimu yotayika, yomwe imakhala yolondola kwambiri komanso yosalala pamwamba.

Zopangira zotayira zotayidwa nthawi zambiri zimatsagana ndi njira zingapo zamakina ndi chithandizo chapamwamba pambuyo poponya, monga Njira Yosinthira CNC, CNC Milling process, Anodized, wopukutidwa, ndi zina.

Makhalidwe a ma aluminiyamu otayidwa:

Ochepa kachulukidwe: Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zina, zitsulo zotayidwa za aluminiyamu zimakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono, kutanthauza kuti ali opepuka.

Mphamvu zenizeni zenizeni: Ngakhale otsika kachulukidwe, ma alloys awa akadali ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Zabwino kukana dzimbiri: Kuchuluka kwa oxide wosanjikiza mwachilengedwe kumapanga pamwamba pa aluminiyumu, kupereka chitetezo chabwino cha dzimbiri.

Good kuponyera processability: Mapangidwe a ma aluminiyamu otayidwa amawalola kuti aziyenda bwino panthawi yoponya, lembani zisankho zowoneka bwino, ndipo samakonda ming'alu kapena mabowo pambuyo pozizira.

Kusinthasintha kwapangidwe: Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kuponya, ma geometries ovuta amatha kupangidwa, zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri pakupanga gawo.

Chemical zikuchokera ku cast aluminiyamu aloyi

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma aloyi a aluminiyamu

Ma aluminiyamu otayira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri chifukwa cha zinthu zabwino zoponya, otsika osalimba, mphamvu zenizeni zenizeni komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri. Zotsatirazi ndi zina mwazinthu zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito zotayira za aluminiyamu:

Makampani opanga magalimoto

• Zigawo za injini: cylinder block, mutu wa silinda, pisitoni, ndi zina.
• Njira yotumizira: nyumba ya gearbox, clutch nyumba, nyumba zosiyanasiyana, ndi zina.
• Kuyimitsidwa dongosolo: nyumba zowongolera, shock absorber nyumba, ndi zina.
• Ziwalo za thupi: mawilo, mafelemu, zida za dongosolo la brake (monga ma brake calipers, ma cylinders ndi ma brake disc), ndi zina.

Makampani opanga ndege

• Zigawo zamapangidwe: matabwa, mafelemu, zingwe, ndi zina.
• Zigawo za injini: posungira, masamba a turbine, ndi zina.
• Machitidwe othandizira: pompa thupi, bulaketi, gudumu hub, ndi zina.

Makina ndi zida

• Casing: amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza zigawo zamkati kuzinthu zakunja.
• Supercharger pump body: pompa body kupanga kwa supercharging system.

Ntchito zina zamakampani

• Makina opangira gasi: masamba ndi zina zotentha kwambiri.
• Pampu thupi: chipolopolo chakunja cha mpope chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula madzi.
• Pendanti: bulaketi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza kapena kupachika zida zosiyanasiyana.
• Mlomo wolowetsa: Chigawocho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolera mpweya kulowa mu injini.

Zida zopangira aluminium

Ma aluminiyamu opangidwa ndi aluminiyamu amatanthawuza zinthu zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu zomwe zimakonzedwa ndi kugudubuza. Kugudubuza ndi njira yopangira chitsulo momwe chitsulo chimakanizidwa pakati pa ma roller ozungulira kuti asinthe mawonekedwe ake.. Kwa ma aluminiyamu aloyi, njira iyi ikhoza kusandulika kukhala mapepala, mizere, zojambula, machubu, mipiringidzo kapena mawaya. Ma aluminiyamu ogubuduza amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri, kuphatikizapo zamlengalenga, zamagalimoto, kumanga, kulongedza katundu ndi magetsi.

Kugawika kwa ma aluminiyamu opindidwa

• Mbale, vula, zojambulazo: Izi ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogubuduza aluminiyamu alloy, kuwerengera zambiri kuposa 80% kutulutsa kwathunthu kwa aluminiyumu yogubuduzika. Mbale ndi mizere imakhala ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha m'lifupi ndi makulidwe ndipo imatha kusinthidwa kukhala zigawo zosiyanasiyana.
• Machubu, zitsulo, mawaya: Mankhwalawa amapangidwanso ndi njira zogubuduza. Ngakhale sizili zofala ngati mbale ndi mizere, ndizofunika kwambiri pamagwiritsidwe apadera.

Kugudubuza ndondomeko:

• Kuthamanga kotentha: Zimachitika pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti muchepetse kuuma kwa zinthuzo ndikuwonjezera mapulasitiki ake kuti apange mosavuta. Kugudubuza kotentha nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma aluminiyamu aloyi kuchokera kuzinthu zokhuthala kukhala mbale zoonda kapena zomangira..
• Kuzizira kozizira: Ikuchitika pa firiji kapena pansi pa recrystallization kutentha. Kuchulukana kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndipo kuuma ndi mphamvu zazinthu zitha kuonjezedwa kudzera pakugudubuza kangapo. Kugudubuza kozizira kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kutha kwapamwamba komanso kulondola kwazinthu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma aloyi a aluminiyamu

• Zamlengalenga: amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida za ndege, zikopa, matabwa a mapiko, ndi zina.
• Makampani opanga magalimoto: amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapanelo amthupi, matumba a injini, zivundikiro za thunthu, ndi zina.
• Makampani omanga: amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitseko ndi mafelemu a mawindo, denga zipangizo, zipangizo zokongoletsera, ndi zina.
• Zida zoyikamo: zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'zitini zakumwa, zolembera za chakudya, ndi zina.
• Makampani opanga magetsi: amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga khungu lakunja la mawaya ndi zingwe, ndi zina.