Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel

1723 Mawonedwe 2025-05-09 15:34:51

Kumvetsa Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri makhalidwe, ubwino, ndi zoperewera za chilichonse, Opanga, opanga, ndipo aliyense amene akuchita nawo kusankha.

Kusankha mtundu woyenera wa chitsulo kumatha kukhudza ntchito, moyo wautali, mtengo, ndi chitetezo.

Chitsogozo chotsimikizika ichi chidzasanthula kwambiri poyerekeza Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, Kupereka chidziwitso chokwanira kukulimbikitsani kuti mupange zisankho zanzeru.

1. Chiyambi

Zitsulo zimathandizira pakusintha chifukwa kuyendetsa zinthu ndi chithandizo chamatenthedwe zimatha kuwongolera kwazinthu zina.

Kusintha kumeneku kwapangitsa kuti banja likhale losiyanasiyana, chilichonse choyenerera madera osiyanasiyana ndi zipsinjo.

Mwa izi, Kusiyanitsa pakati pa chitsulo cha carbon ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi imodzi mwazipatala.

1.1 Kufunikira kwa chitsulo cha kaboni vs osapanga dzimbiri

Kusankha pakati Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri si ntchito yophunzirira chabe.

Ili ndi tanthauzo lothandiza kwambiri.

Mitundu iwiri iyi ya chitsulo, makamaka za:

• Kukaniza kwa Corrosion: Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosiyanitsa, ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chikuwonetsa kukana kwapamwamba kwa dzimbiri ndi mitundu ina ya chilengedwe.
• Mechanical Properties: Mphamvu, kuuma, kulimba, ndi maudindo amatha kusiyanasiyana.
• Mtengo: Zitsulo zachitsulo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo, Koma chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chitha kupereka mtengo wabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kulimba kwake.
• Aesthetics: Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa chifukwa cha oyera ake, mawonekedwe amakono.
• Nsanje ndi makina: Kusiyana kapangidwe kake kumakhudza momwe matani angadutsire mosavuta, opangidwa, ndi welded.

Kusankha kosayenera kumatha kuyambitsa kulephera kwazinthu, Kuchuluka kwa kukonzanso, ngozi zachitetezo, kapena chotchinga chosafunikira.

Choncho, Kumvetsetsa bwino kwa kaboni vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumakhala kofunikira kuti ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito, Kuyambira osakanizira ndi tsiku ndi tsiku ndi matabwa omanga ku Aerospace Aferosteros.

2. Malingaliro ndi magulu

Kufananiza bwino Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, Tiyenera kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe zimatanthauzira chilichonse, Nyimbo zawo zofunika, ndi malo awo oyamba.

2.1 Chitsulo cha Carbon

Ambiri amawona chitsulo cha kaboni kwambiri chifukwa chogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika mtengo wotsika mtengo.

Mawonekedwe ake ndi kudalira kwake pa kaboni chifukwa cha chinthu chachikulu choyatsira.

Tanthauzo:

Zitsulo za kaboni ndi chitsulo ndi carbon, komwe kaboni ndiye chinthu choyatsira chachikulu chomwe chimawonjezera mphamvu ndi kuuma kwa chitsulo choyera. Zinthu zina zoyatsira zimapezeka kawirikawiri kwambiri, nthawi zambiri monga zotsalira kuchokera pazinthu zosafunikira kapena zowonjezeredwa mwadala munthawi yochepa kuti muchepetse katundu, Koma sasintha kwambiri mawonekedwe ake ofunikira monga chitsuloboni.

Kupanga:

Chitsulo cha ku America ndi chitsulo chachitsulo (AISI) kutanthauzira chitsulo chamoto ngati chitsulo chomwe:

1. Miyezo simafunikira zochepa za chromium, kobala, kupindika (niobium), molybdenum, nickel, titaniyamu, kumakuma, vanadium, zirconium, kapena chinthu china chilichonse chowonjezeredwa pazinthu zina.
2. Kuchepera kwa mkuwa sikupitilira 0.40 peresembala.
3. Kapena zochulukirapo zomwe zafotokozedwa za zinthu zilizonse zotsatirazi sizidutsa kuchuluka kwa zomwe zatchulidwa: manganese 1.65, silicon 0.60, mkuwa 0.60.

Chinthu chachikulu ndi kaboni (C), ndi zomwe zili mu Trace yochokera ku trace imakhala pafupi 2.11% pa kulemera.

Kupitirira izi, The Alloy nthawi zambiri imawerengedwa ngati chitsulo.

• Manganese (Mn): Nthawi zambiri amapezeka 1.65%. Zimathandizira kulimba mtima komanso kuuma, amachita ngati deoxidizer ndi detalfurizer, ndikusintha kotentha.
• Silikoni (Ndipo): Ambiri mpaka 0.60%. Imagwira ntchito ngati dioxizer ndipo pang'ono zimawonjezera mphamvu.
• Sulfure (S) ndi phosphorous (P): Izi nthawi zambiri zimawoneka zodetsa. Sulufule imatha kuyambitsa kugwedezeka pamphuno kwambiri (kufupika kotentha), Pomwe phosphorous imatha kuyambitsa kugwedezeka pamitembo yotsika (kuperewera). Magawo awo nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika (mwachitsanzo, <0.05%).

Mitundu ya chitsulo cha kaboni:

Zitsulo za kaboni zimapangidwa makamaka kutengera zomwe zingachitike, Pamene ili ili ndi chisonkhezero chofunikira kwambiri pa makina awo:

1. Chitsulo Chotsika-Carbon (Chitsulo Chochepa):
   • Zinthu za Carbon: Nthawi zambiri zimakhala 0.25% - 0.30% kaboni (mwachitsanzo, AISI 1005 ku 1025).
   • Katundu: Zofewa, ductile, ndipo amakongoletsa mosavuta, opangidwa, ndi welded. Mphamvu yotsika yotsika poyerekeza ndi ma carbon apamwamba. Mtundu wotsika mtengo.
   • Micrestrussiction: Nthawi zambiri amasangalala ndi ngale ina.
   • Mapulogalamu: Zida zamagalimoto zamagalimoto, mawonekedwe apangidwe (I-miyala, njira), mapaipi, Zomangamanga, zitini, ndi General Chitsulo Ntchito Yachitsulo.
2. Chitsulo chapakati-Carbon:
   • Zinthu za Carbon: Ambiri amachokera 0.25% - 0.30% ku 0.55% - 0.60% kaboni (mwachitsanzo, AISI 1030 ku 1055).
   • Katundu: Imapereka mphamvu yabwino, kuuma, kulimba, ndi cheke. Kutengera chithandizo chotentha (kupsinjika ndi kupsinjika) Kupititsa patsogolo magetsi. Zovuta kwambiri kupanga, weld, ndi kudula kuposa chitsulo chotsika.
   • Micrestrussiction: Kuchuluka kwa Pearlite poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chotsika.
   • Mapulogalamu: Magiya, mitsinje, ma axles, ma crankshafts, kugwirizana, ma track a sitima, magawo makina, ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimafunikira nyonga zapamwamba ndi kuvala kukana.
3. High-Carbon Steel (Chitsulo cha Carbon):
   • Zinthu za Carbon: Ambiri amachokera 0.55% - 0.60% ku 1.00% - 1.50% kaboni (mwachitsanzo, AISI 1060 ku 1095). Makhalidwe ena atha kukulitsa izi mpaka ~ 2.1%.
   • Katundu: Zolimba kwambiri, wamphamvu, ndipo ali ndi zovala bwino pambuyo potenthetsa kutentha. Komabe, ndizocheperako komanso zolimba (kukhazikika kwambiri) kuposa ma carbon otsika. Zovuta kwambiri kuwirikiza ndi makina.
   • Micrestrussiction: Makamaka pearlute ndi centite.
   • Mapulogalamu: Kudula Zida (machilo, kubowola), akasupe, Mawaya olemera, nkhokwe, amafa, ndi ntchito komwe kumakhala kovuta kwambiri komanso kuvala kukana ndi zofunika kwambiri.
4. Ultra-Chuma-Carbon chitsulo:
   • Zinthu za Carbon: Pafupifupi 1.25% ku 2.0% kaboni.
   • Katundu: Ikhoza kukwiya kwambiri. Ogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati apadera, Zolinga zopanda mafakitale monga mipeni, ma axles, kapena nkhonya.

Gulu ili lotengera zomwe zili pa Carbon ndizofunikira pakumvetsetsa Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kufanizila, Pomwe imakhazikitsa katundu wapansi pa miyala yamkaka yamkaka.

2.2 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimachokera kwa ma carbon akhama kuti azikana.

Izi zimachitika kuchokera kuzomwe zimapangidwa.

Tanthauzo:

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo chomwe chili ndi zochepa 10.5% chromium (Cr) pa misa.

Christomium imapanga chabe, Kudzikonza nokha kwa oxide pamwamba pa chitsulo, zomwe zimaziteteza ku chiwonongeko.

Ndilo chromium iyi imasiyanitsa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuchokera ku zitsulo zina.

Kupanga:

Kupatula chitsulo ndi kufotokozera kwa chromium, Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimakhala ndi zinthu zina zoyatsira zinthu zina zowonjezera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti katundu akhale ngati vuto, mphamvu, ndi kukana kwa madera ena.

• Chromium (Cr): Chinthu chofunikira, kuchepa 10.5%. Zinthu zapamwamba zomwe zimapangidwa nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti muthe kutsutsana.
• Nickel (Mu): Nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeredwa kukhazikika kukhazikika (onani mitundu pansipa), zomwe zimathandiza, kulimba, ndi weldability. Amathandiziranso kukana kwa madera ena.
• Molybdenum (Mo): Amasinthanso kukana ndi crevice kuturuka, Makamaka mu madera okhala ndi chloride (Monga madzi am'nyanja). Komanso zimawonjezera nyonga zapamwamba.
• Manganese (Mn): Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati khola la austetenite (mobwerezabwereza nickel m'makalasi ena) ndikuwongolera mphamvu ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito motentha.
• Silikoni (Ndipo): Amachita ngati deoxidizer ndikuwongolera kukana kwa oxidation pamatenthedwe kwambiri.
• Mpweya (C): Kupezeka m'masamba osapanga dzimbiri, Koma zomwe zili zambiri zimayang'aniridwa mosamala. Mu austetic ndi zolimba, Kutsika kaboni nthawi zambiri kumakonda kupewa kukhudzidwa (Chromium carbidetion, Kuchepetsa kukana kwa kuchuluka). M'magawo a Martiestitic, mpweya wokwera pamafunika kuuma.
• Nayitrogeni (N): Kuchulukitsa nyonga ndi Kulimbana, ndikukhazikitsa mawonekedwe a austetic.
• Zinthu zina: Titaniyamu (Za), Niobium (Nb), Mkuwa (Ku), Sulfure (S) (Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino m'makalasi ena), Selenium (Ndi), Aluminiyamu (Al), ndi zina., Itha kuwonjezeredwa kuti mupeze.

Mitundu ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri:

Zida zosapanga dzimbiri zimasankhidwa malinga ndi micrestculcle microstcultuctunce, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe kake (makamaka chromium, nickel, ndi zokhudzana ndi mpweya):

Austetitic dambo:

Okwera mu chromium ndi nickel, Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zovuta Zabwino Kwambiri, kukhazikika, ndi weldability.

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chakudya, zida zamankhwala, ndi ntchito zomanga. Osawuma ndi mankhwala othandizira kutentha.

Zitsulo zosakhazikika:

Ili ndi chromium yapamwamba yocheperako kapena ayi nickel. Zotsika mtengo kwambiri, maginito, komanso modabwitsa.

Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina otulutsa magetsi otulutsa komanso zida zapanyumba. Osati kutentha koyenera kuwuma.

Mapiritsi a Martiestitic:

Zinthu zapamwamba za carbon zimalola kuumitsa pochiritsa kutentha. Wodziwika chifukwa cha kuuma kwakukulu ndi mphamvu.

Ntchito mipeni, mavavu, zigawo zamakina.

Matayala osapanga dzimbiri:

Phatikizani zida za austetitic ndi zamphamvu, Kupereka nyonga yayikulu ndi kukana kwabwino kwambiri.

Zabwino kwambiri zofunikira m'malo ngati marine, processing mankhwala, ndi machitidwe.

Kulimbana ndi Kulimbana (PH) Zitsulo Zosapanga dzimbiri:

Imatha kukwaniritsa mphamvu zambiri kudzera mu mankhwala othandizira kutentha pomwe mukukana kutsutsana.

Zofala mu Arospace ndi zolimbitsa thupi zazikulu.

Kumvetsetsa magawo ofunikira awa ndikofunikira kuti ayamikire ma handires mu Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kufanizila.

Kupezeka kwa osachepera 10.5% Chromium mu chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi mwala wapamwamba wa mawonekedwe ake: kukana dzimbiri.

3. Kusanthula kwa kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito: Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel

Chisankho chogwiritsa ntchito Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri Nthawi zambiri amaliza kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kwa mikhalidwe yawo yolumikizana.

Pomwe onse ndi oyang'anira zitsulo, Nyimbo zawo zofanizira zimatsogolera kusiyanasiyana kwa momwe amakhalira pansi pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.

3.1 Kukaniza kwa Corrosion

Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri komanso zodziwika bwino kwambiri mu Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kukambilana.

Chitsulo cha Carbon:

Carbon Steel ali ndi vuto losautsa.

Akaonekera ndi chinyezi komanso oxygen, chitsulo mu kaboni zitsulo zosavuta kupanga chitsulo, odziwika bwino ngati dzimbiri.

Chuma chophatikizira ichi chimawoneka bwino komanso chophweka, osateteza pazitsulo zoyambira, Kulola kuphatikiza kuti mupitilize, zomwe zingayambitse kulephera kwa zinthu.

Kuchuluka kwa chilengedwe kumadalira zachilengedwe ngati chinyezi, kutentha, Kukhalapo kwa mchere (mwachitsanzo, m'malo a m'mbali mwa michere), ndi zodetsa (mwachitsanzo, sulufule).

Popewa kapena pang'onopang'ono, Catebon chitsulo pafupifupi nthawi zonse amafunika kuteteza (mwachitsanzo, utoto, gawera, kalanga) kapena njira zina zowongolera (mwachitsanzo, Chitetezo).

 

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri:

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chifukwa chochepera 10.5% Chromium zomwe zili, Ziwonetsero zabwino pakukana.

Chromium imakhudzana ndi okosijeni m'malo kuti apange woonda kwambiri, cha khumi, zowonekera, ndi kudzipatula kwa mawonekedwe a chromium oxide (CRCO₃) pamwamba.

Chosanjikiza ichi chimakhala ngati chotchinga, Kupewa maxidation enanso komanso kuwononga chitsulo.

Ngati mawonekedwewo achotsedwa kapena kuwonongeka, Chromium amatenga mwachangu ndi okosijeni kuti asinthe izi, Chochitika nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa "kuchiritsa."

Mulingo wotsutsana ndi chipongwe mu chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri limasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mawonekedwe a Alloy:

• Zinthu zapamwamba zomwe zimapangidwa nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti muthe kutsutsana.
• Nickel amathandizira kukana kwa Collosion Collorion ndi kukana ma acids ena.
• Molybdenum amakongoletsa kwambiri kuti athe kutchera ndi crevice, makamaka m'malo okhala ndi chloride.

Austetitic dambo (ngati 304 ndi 316) Nthawi zambiri mumapereka zokambirana zopitilira muyeso.

Ndemanga zamphamvu zimaperekanso kukana bwino, Pomwe Martensitic Maphunziro, Chifukwa cha zomwe zakwera mpweya ndi microstruction osiyanasiyana, ndizocheperako zocheperako kuposa arusttetitics kapena ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe ali ndi ma chromium ofanana.

Ma pikitsi osapanga dzimbiri osapanga dzimbiri limapereka kukana kwa mitundu inayake ngati kutupa.

Chidule cha Kukana Kukana: Mu Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kufanizila, Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndiye wopambana wowoneka bwino.

3.2 Kuuma ndi kuvala kukana

Kuumitsa ndi kukana kwa zinthu zakutha kwa pulasitiki, monga kusanja kapena kukanda.

Kuthana ndi kukana kwake kukana kuwonongeka ndi kutaya kwazinthu chifukwa cha mikangano, abrasion, kapena kukokoloka.

Chitsulo cha Carbon:

Kuumitsa ndi kuvala kukana kwa chitsulo cha kaboni kwenikweni kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi kutentha.

• Zitsulo zotsika mtengo zimakhala zofewa ndipo sizimatha.
• Mitundu ya carbon-carbon imatha kukwaniritsa bwino kwambiri komanso kuvala kukana, makamaka pambuyo mankhwala kutentha.
• Zitsulo zazitali kwambiri zimatha kuchitidwa kutentha kutentha (zozimitsidwa komanso kukwiya) kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwambiri ndi kuvala bwino kwambiri, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera kudula zida ndikuvala zigawo. Kukhalapo kwa Carbides (ngati carbide, Fe₃c kapena simentite) Mu micrestruction imathandizira kwambiri kuvala kukana.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri:

Kuumitsa ndi kuvala kukana kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumasiyana kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

• Austetitic dambo (mwachitsanzo, 304, 316) ndi zofewa kwambiri m'malo awo owoneka bwino koma zimatha kuumitsidwa kwambiri ndikugwira ntchito mozizira (gwiritsirani ntchito). Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kuvala koyenera koma amatha kuvutika ndi kugunda (mawonekedwe a kuvala koyambitsidwa ndi kutsatsa pakati pa malo okwera) pansi pa katundu wambiri popanda mafuta.
• Zitsulo zosapanga zadziko lapansi zimakhalanso zofewa komanso zosavuta kulandira kutentha. Kuvala kwawo komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri kumachitika.
• Mapiritsi a Martiestitic (mwachitsanzo, 410, 420, 440C) amapangidwa makamaka kuti ayambe kuwumitsidwa ndi mankhwala othandizira kutentha. Amatha kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwambiri (lofananira kapena ngakhale zopitilira mkaka) ndi kuwonetsa kuvala bwino, Makamaka ophunzirira ma carbon ndi chromium zomwe zimapanga zolimba chromium carbider.
• Ma chitsulo osapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zovuta kwambiri komanso kuvala bwino kwambiri kuposa ma graduti a austetitic chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo.
• Kulimbana ndi Kulimbana (PH) Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimatha kuvuta kwambiri komanso kuvala bwino pambuyo pokana mukamachita zithandizo.

Chidule cha kuuma ndi kuvala kukana:

Poyerekeza Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri Pazinthu izi:

• Makina otenthetsera kutentha ndi mitembo komanso zitsulo zopangira matenthedwe otenthedwa ndi marteenititic zimakwaniritsa zovuta zapamwamba kwambiri komanso kuvala kukana.
• Austetic ndi zitsulo zosawoneka bwino nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofewa ndipo zimakhala ndi zochepetse kuposa zolimba kapena zouma zosapanga matebulo, Pokhapokha mutakhala ozizira (austetic).

3.3 Kulimbana ndi Kulimbana

Kulimba ndi kuthekera kwa zinthu zakuthupi zotha kuwononga mphamvu musanachotse. Kukana Kukana Kuthana kumatanthauza kuti kuthekera kopikisana mwadzidzidzi, Kutalika Kwambiri (kukhuzidwa).

Chitsulo cha Carbon:

Kuthekera kwa chitsulo cha carboboni kumakhala kogwirizana ndi zomwe zidali ndi mpweya komanso kuuma kwake.

• Zitsulo zotsika mtengo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri komanso duckile, Kuwonetsa Kutsutsa Kwabwino, Makamaka kuchipinda ndi kutentha kokweza. Komabe, Amatha kukhala opanda phokoso motsika kwambiri (Kutentha kwa-britile, Chamande).
• Miyala yamkati yamkati-kaboni imapereka mphamvu zoyenera komanso kulimba mtima.
• Makhate-Carbon Affers, makamaka ataumitsidwa, kukhala ndi mphamvu yochepetsetsa ndipo imakhala yopanda malire, kutanthauza kuti ali ndi kuthetsa nkhawa.

Kutentha mankhwala (ngati kusungunuka pambuyo) ndikofunikira kuti muthe kulimbitsa thupi kwa sing'anga ndi kaboni.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri:

Kulimba kumasiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri:

• Austetitic dambo (mwachitsanzo, 304, 316) onetsetsani bwino kwambiri, ngakhale pansi mpaka kutentha kwa crygenic. Sakonda kuwonetsa kusintha kwa-britile. Izi zimapangitsa kuti azikhala abwino kwa mafoni otsika.
• Zitsulo zosakhazikika nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zovuta kwambiri kuposa austetitics, Makamaka m'magawo okulirapo kapena kutentha pang'ono. Amatha kuwonetsa DBTT. Maphunziro ena amakonda "475 ° C.
• Mapiritsi a Martiestitic, Mukakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu, amakonda kukhala ndi mphamvu yotsika ndipo imatha kukhala yopanda mantha. Kukhazikika kumathandizira kulimbitsa thupi koma nthawi zambiri kumatha kulima.
• Ma duplex osapanga dzimbiri osapanga bwino, Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zapamwamba kuti zipsinjo zazikulu komanso zabwino kuposa ma grensnetitic ku magetsi ofanana, Ngakhale sikuti sikuti ndiokwera kwambiri ngati magiredi a Austetic pamtunda wotsika kwambiri.
• Zitsulo zosakhazikika zosakhazikika zimatha kukhala ndi mphamvu yabwino komanso mphamvu yayikulu, Kutengera chithandizo chomwe chikuchitika.

Chidule cha Kulimbana ndi Kulimbana:

Mu Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri munjirazake:

• Austetitic dambo osapanga dzimbiri limapereka kuphatikiza kwabwino kwambiri kwamphamvu komanso kukana, makamaka pamatenthedwe otsika.
• Zitsulo zotsika mtengo zimakhalanso zovuta koma zimatha kuchepetsedwa ndi DBTT yawo.
• Zitsulo zazitali za kaboni kwambiri ndipo zitsulo zouma zosapanga matendetitititic zimakonda kukhala ndi mphamvu zochepa.

3.4 Kukhala wamphamvu

Kulimba kwamakokedwe (Ultimate Tensile Mphamvu, Mtengo wa UTS) Kodi kupsinjika kwakukulu komwe kumatha kupirira potalika kapena kutayidwa musanakhoma.

Elongition ndi gawo la chelo, kuyimira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zingasokoneze kwambiri musanachotse.

Chitsulo cha Carbon:

• Kulimba kwamakokedwe: Kuchulukana ndi zokhudzana ndi kaboni komanso ndi mankhwala othandizira (Kwa zitsulo zapakatikati komanso zazitali).
  • Chitsulo chotsika: ~ 400-550 MPA (58-80 ksi)
  • Sitima-Carbon chitsulo (oyimilira): ~ 550-700 MPA (80-102 ksi); (Kuyesedwa Kutentha): ikhoza kukhala yapamwamba kwambiri, mpaka 1000+ MPa.
  • Chitsulo chamtundu wa mpweya (Kuyesedwa Kutentha): Ikhoza kupitirira 1500-2000 MPa (217-290 ksi) Pamakalasi ena ndi chithandizo.
• Elongation: Nthawi zambiri amachepetsa ngati zomwe zingakhale ndi mphamvu. Zitsulo zotsika mtengo ndizotsika kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, 25-30% mlengalenga), pomwe mahatchi owuma amakhala ndi maboti otsika kwambiri (<10%).

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri:

• Kulimba kwamakokedwe:
  • Austenitic (mwachitsanzo, 304 oyimilira): ~ 515-620 MPA (75-90 ksi). Zitha kuchuluka kwambiri ndi kuzizira (mwachitsanzo, kupitirira 1000 MPa).
  • Ferritic (mwachitsanzo, 430 oyimilira): ~ 450-520 MPA (65-75 ksi).
  • Martensitic (mwachitsanzo, 410 Kuyesedwa Kutentha): Amatha kukhala kuchokera ku ~ 500 MPA mpaka kupitilira 1300 MPa (73-190 ksi) Kutengera chithandizo kutentha. 440C ikhoza kukhala yokwera kwambiri.
  • Duplex (mwachitsanzo, 2205): ~ 620-800 MPA (90-116 ksi) kapena kuposa.
  • Zitsulo za P (mwachitsanzo, 17-4Kuchiritsidwa): Amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, mwachitsanzo, 930-1310 MPa (135-190 ksi).
• Elongation:
  • Austenitic: Zabwino kwambiri m'malo owoneka bwino (mwachitsanzo, 40-60%), amachepetsa ndi ntchito yozizira.
  • Ferritic: Okhazikika (mwachitsanzo, 20-30%).
  • Martensitic: Otsika kwambiri, Makamaka akamauma kukhala olimba kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, 10-20%).
  • Duplex: Chabwino (mwachitsanzo, 25% kapena kuposa).

Chidule cha kuchuluka kwamphamvu ndi esongition:

The Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri Kufanizira kumawonetsa mitundu yonse:

• Mabanja onsewa amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri chifukwa chochita bwino komanso kuchiza kutentha (Makhate-carbon and cartenitic / PH Opanga Osakhalitsa).
• Masamba otsika ndi chitsulo chokhazikika ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimapatsa chidwi kwambiri (mlengalenga).
• Mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri ya anthu onse imakhala ndi duwa lotsika.

3.5 Maonekedwe ndi Chithandizo Chakumapeto

Makonda a Aesthetics ndi Mapeto ake nthawi zambiri amaganizira, makamaka pazogulitsa kapena zomangamanga.

Chitsulo cha Carbon:

Carbon chitsulo nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi chosalala, mawonekedwe a imvi mu raw dziko lake. Amakonda okopa (dzimbiri) Ngati wasiyidwa osatetezeka, zomwe ndizosafunikira kwambiri pazogwiritsa ntchito zambiri.
Zochizira Pamwamba: Kukonzanso maonekedwe ndikuteteza chitetezero, chitsulo cha kaboni pafupifupi chimachitika. Mankhwala wamba amaphatikizira:

• Pikicha yopentedwa: Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kumaliza.
• Kupaka Powder: Mapeto olimba komanso owoneka bwino.
• Galimoto: Kuphimba ndi zinc kuti muteteze (zimapangitsa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino).
• Kalanga: Kuphimba ndi Zitsulo Zina Monga Chromium (zokongoletsera chrome), nickel, kapena cadmium ya mawonekedwe ndi chitetezo.
• Kuumba kapena Kukula kwa Oxide: Kutembenuza kwa mankhwala kutembenukira komwe kumapangitsa kuti kuwononga kocheperako komanso mawonekedwe amdima, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomwe zidapangidwa ndi mfuti.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri:

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimadziwika bwino, owala, ndi mawonekedwe amakono. Chromium yodutsa oxide ndi yowonekera, kulola zokhutira zachitsulo kuti ziwonedwe.
Kumaliza: Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zitha kuperekedwa ndi Mill yosiyanasiyana kapena kupitirira kukwaniritsa zokongoletsa:

• Mphero kumaliza (mwachitsanzo, Ayi. 1, 2B, 2D): Amasiyana kuchokera kuwuluka pang'ono. 2B ndi njira yodziwika bwino yozizira.
• Zopukutidwa (mwachitsanzo, Ayi. 4, Ayi. 8 Kaliwo): Imatha kukhala yochokera ku Satiin Yosankhidwa (Ayi. 4) Kumapeto kwa mapiritsi owoneka bwino (Ayi. 8). Izi zimakwaniritsidwa ndi makina abrasion.
• Maonekedwe: Mitundu itha kuphatikizidwa kapena yolumikizidwa pamwamba pa zolinga zokongoletsera kapena zogwirira ntchito (mwachitsanzo, Kukula Kwambiri, kuchepetsedwa).
• Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: Kukwaniritsidwa kudzera mu mankhwala kapena electrochemical njira zomwe zimasintha kukula kwa wosanjikiza, Kupanga mitundu yosokoneza, kapena kudzera pa pvd (Zowoneka bwino zakuthupi) zokutira.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri sichimafuna kupaka utoto kapena kuphimba ngati chitetezo, zomwe zingakhale mwayi wofunikira. Mapeto ake nthawi zambiri amakhala chifukwa chachikulu cha kusankha kwake.

Chidule cha mawonekedwe ndi kuthandizira:

Mu Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kufanizira maonekedwe:

• Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala chowoneka bwino komanso chilengedwe chomwe chimatha kupitirira.
• Cabobon chitsulo chimafuna chithandizo cha zinthu zokopa komanso kutetezedwa.

4. Kutsutsana kwa Kuyerekeza: Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel (Kuzama)

Kusiyana kwa kukana kwa chipongwe ndi kofunikira kwambiri kwa Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri Chisankho chomwe chimatsogolera mwatsatanetsatane.

4.1 Makina oyambira

Kuwonongeka kwamphamvu kwa zinthu (nthawi zambiri zitsulo) ndi mankhwala kapena electrochemical omwe ali ndi chilengedwe chawo.

Zitsulo zochokera kuzitsulo monga chitsulo, mawonekedwe odziwika kwambiri ndi dzimbiri.

• Kukongoletsa kwa chitsulo cha kaboni (Dzimbiri):
  Pamene chitsulo cha carbon chimadziwika ndi malo okhala ndi oxygen ndi chinyezi (Ngakhale chinyezi m'mwamba), khungu la electrochemical limapangidwa pamwamba pake.
  1. Kuchita kwa Andodic: Chitsulo (Fe) ma atomu amataya ma elekitoni (wopemba) Kukhala zitsulo zachitsulo (Nyama):
     Fe → + 2e
  2. Katotontic: M'weya (O₂) ndi madzi (H₂o) Pamwamba amavomereza ma elekinons awa (sitsa):
     O₂ + 2H₂o + 4e → 4oh⁻⁻ (Mu zosalowerera ndale kapena milkine)
     kapena o₂ + 4H⁺ + 4E⁻ → 2h₂o (Mu acidic mikhalidwe)
  3. Kupanga dzimbiri: Zitsulo zachitsulo (Nyama) Kenako zitani ndi ma ayoni a hydroxide (Oh⁻) komanso kupitirizanso ndi mpweya kuti apange zitsulo zosiyanasiyana ma oxide, mogwirizana ndi dzimbiri. Mawonekedwe wamba ndi Ferric hydroxide, Fe(O)₃, omwe amataya nyama ku feria₃₃o.
     Nyama + 2Oh⁻ → fe(O)₂ (Ferrous hydroxide)
     4Fe(O)₂ + O₂ + 2Huit hut hut fe(O)₃ (Ferric hydroxide - dzimbiri)
     Chuma chophatikizika chopangidwa pa chitsulo chamaboni nthawi zambiri:

• Phungo: Imalola chinyezi komanso mpweya kuti mulowe ku chitsulo chokhazikika.
• Osatsatira / flaky: Itha kusokoneza mosavuta, Kutulutsira zitsulo zatsopano.
• Kumadzilakwira: Dzimbiri limakhala ndi voliyumu yayikulu kuposa chitsulo choyambirira, zomwe zingayambitse zipsinjo ndi kuwonongeka mu zida zopsinjika.

Choncho, kuwononga kwa chitsulo cha kaboni ndikudzipangira nokha pokhapokha chitsulo chotetezedwa.

4.2 Miyezo ya Anti-Corluon ya shale ya kaboni

Chifukwa cha chiwopsezo cha kuvota, Katekele kaboni pafupifupi nthawi zonse amafunikira njira zotetezera mukamagwiritsa ntchito madera ndi chinyezi komanso mpweya.

Njira Zofala Zimaphatikizapo:

1. Zoteteza: Kupanga chotchinga chakuthupi pakati pa chitsulo ndi malo okhalamo.
   • Utoto ndi zokutira zachilengedwe: Perekani chotchinga ndipo chokhoza kukhala ndi zoletsa kuwononga. Pamafunika kukonzekera koyenera kwa chotsatsa chabwino. Kutengera kuwonongeka ndi nyengo, Kufunanso kubwereza.
   • Zovala zachitsulo:
     • Galimoto: Kukuta ndi Zinc (Kutentha kwambiri kapena ma electroging). Zinc ndi wogwira ntchito kuposa chitsulo, kotero zimakonda (Kutetezedwa kwa Kudzipereka kapena Chitetezo cha Cashonic) Ngakhale kuti zokutidwa.
     • Kalanga: Zokutidwa ndi zitsulo monga chromium, nickel, tin, kapena cadmium. Ena amapereka chitetezo chotchinga, ena (Monga Chrome pa Nickel) perekani zokongoletsera komanso zoseweretsa.
   • Kutembenuka Kutembenuka: Mankhwala othandizira ngati phosphamber kapena wakuda oxide, zomwe zimapanga chowonda, Wosakaniza wophatikizika womwe umapangitsa kuti wofatsa wofatsa ndi utole utoto.
2. Mkondo (Zitsulo zotsika): Zowonjezera zazing'ono za zinthu ngati mkuwa, chromium, nickel, Ndipo phosphorous imatha kusintha chipongwe cha m'mlengalenga popanga mawu ophatikizika (mwachitsanzo, "Zitsulo Zazitsulo" Monga Chizindikiro ®). Komabe, Izi sizikufanana ndi zosapanga dzimbiri.
3. Chitetezo: Kupanga Kaboni Fale Ints Catode of the electrochemical.
   • Zopereka Zopereka: Kuphatikiza chitsulo chogwira (Monga zinki, magnesium, kapena aluminium) kuti ma corrodes m'malo mwa chitsulo.
   • Kukondwerera pano: Kutsatira dc yakunja kuti ikakamize zitsulo kuti mukhale cashoku.
     Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zigawo zazikulu ngati mapaipi, sitima, ndi osungira.
4. Kuwongolera zachilengedwe: Kuthetsa chilengedwe kuti chisawonongeke, mwachitsanzo, Dumumidecation, Kugwiritsa ntchito zotupa zotsekemera.

Njira izi zimawonjezera pamtengo ndi zovuta za kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha kaboni koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunika kukwaniritsa moyo wovomerezeka.

4.3 "Kudziletsa" Kudziletsa "kanema wocheperako

Kupanga:

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (≥10.5% cr) amapanga chowonda, Chromium oxide (CRCO₃) wosanjikiza akakhala ndi mpweya wabwino (mpweya kapena madzi):
2Cr + 3/2 O₂ → cr₂o₃
Kanemayo ndi 1-5 nanometers wandiweyani koma ogwirira ntchito pansi ndipo amalepheretsa kupindika.

Zofunika Kwambiri:

• Chitetezo chotchinga: Imalepheretsa zinthu zomwe zayamba kufika pazitsulo.
• Mankhwala okhazikika: CRCOIS SUKUKHUDZA KUGWIRA NTCHITO ZAMBIRI.
• Kudziletsa: Ngati mwasiyidwa, Kusintha kwasenda nthawi yomweyo m'matumba.
• Choonekera: Owonda kwambiri kuti zitsulo zamiyala zimawoneka.

Zinthu Zomwe Zimalimbikitsa Kusauka:

• Chromium: Zowonjezera cr = filimu yamphamvu.
• Molybdenum (Mo): Amasinthanso kukana kwa chlorides (mwachitsanzo, mu 316).
• Nickel (Mu): Kukhazikika kwa austete komanso kumawonjezera kukana kwa ma acid.
• Pamaso: Zosalala, Malo osokoneza bongo odetsedwa.

Zoperewera - pomwe chotupa chimalephera:

• Chloride kuukira: Kumabweretsa kupindika ndi kupindika.
• Kuchepetsa Acid: Imatha kusungunula wosanjikiza.
• Kuperewera kwa oxygen: Palibe mpweya = wopanda pass.
• Kukhudzala: Chithandizo cha kutentha chosayenera kumayambitsa chromium kusinthika pamalire a tirigu; kuchepetsedwa ndi kaboni pang'ono kapena yokhazikika (mwachitsanzo, 304L, 316L).

Mapeto:

Ngakhale sanali okakamira, Kuchiritsa kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumapereka kwapamwamba, Kutsutsana kotsika kwambiri - imodzi mwabwino kwambiri pa chitsulo cha kaboni.

5. Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel: Kukonza ndi Kupanga

Kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi microstructuctuctunce pakati Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zimayambitsanso kusiyanasiyana chifukwa cha machitidwe awo panthawi yokonza ndi kupanga.

5.1 Kudula, Kupanga, ndi kuwotcherera

Izi ndi njira zazikuluzikulu, ndipo kusankha kwa mtundu wachitsulo kumawakhumudwitsa.

Kudula:

• Chitsulo cha Carbon:
  • Zitsulo zotsika nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kudula njira zosiyanasiyana: kulera, kuona, kudula kwa plasma, oxy-mafuta kudula (Dulani), ndi kudula kwa laser.
  • Miyala yamiyala yamtundu ndi yayitali kwambiri imakhala yovuta kudula monga momwe zinthu za kaboni zimachulukirachulukira. Kudula kwa mafuta kwa oxy-mafuta kumathandizabe, Koma kuphatikiza kumatha kufunidwa ndi zigawo zam'mwamba za ma carbon okwera kuti apewe kusweka. Machining (kuona, mphero) pamafunika zida zolimba ndi kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono.
• Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri:
  • Austetitic dambo (mwachitsanzo, 304, 316) amadziwika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kwamphamvu komanso kutsika kwa mafuta poyerekeza ndi chitsulo cha kaboni. Izi zitha kuwapangitsa kukhala ovuta ku Makina (kudula, kubowola, chigayo). Amafuna zida zakuthwa, ma seti rigid, Kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono, Zovala zapamwamba, ndi mafuta abwino / kuziziritsa kukhosi kuteteza chovala ndi kulimba kwa zinthu. Plasma kudula ndi kudula kwa laser ndizothandiza. Samadulidwa ndi njira zamafuta chifukwa ma chromium oxide amalepheretsa makutidwe ndi njirayi.
  • Zitsulo zosakhazikika nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kuzichita kuposa austetitics, Ndi machitidwe omwe ali ndi chitsulo chotsika, Koma itha kukhala "gummy."
  • Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri m'malo awo owoneka bwino, Koma zimakhala zovuta. Mu State yawo youma, ndizovuta kwambiri pamakina ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafuna kukupera.
  • Zovala zosapanga dzimbiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso zolimba mwachangu, kuwapangitsa kukhala ovuta kwambiri kuposa aluletetitics. Amafunikira zolimba zolimba komanso zotheka.

Kupanga (Wakugwada, Kujambula, Kukakamiza):

• Chitsulo cha Carbon:
  • Zitsulo zotsika mtengo zimakhala zodziwika bwino chifukwa cha duckity yabwino kwambiri komanso mphamvu yotsika mtengo. Amatha kuwonongeka kwambiri pulasitiki popanda kuwonongeka.
  • Miyala yamiyala yamkaka yathanzi. Kupanga nthawi zambiri kumafuna mphamvu zambiri, chachikulu bend radii, ndipo angafunikire kuchitidwa pamatenthedwe okwezeka kapena mu mawonekedwe a zotupa.
• Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri:
  • Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, Ngakhale anali wokonda kugwira ntchito. Ntchito yolimbana ikhoza kukhala yopindulitsa pakupanga magwiridwe antchito pamene ikuwonjezera mphamvu ya gawo lopangidwa. Komabe, Zimatanthawuzanso mphamvu zapamwamba zitha kufunikira poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chotsika, ndipo masika amatha kutchulidwa kwambiri.
  • Zitsulo zosakhazikika pazinthu zambiri zimakhala ndi vuto labwino, zofanana kapena zochepa pang'ono kuposa chitsulo chamaboni, Koma imatha kuchepetsedwa ndi maulendo awo otsika poyerekeza ndi austetics.
  • Zitsulo zosapanga marteenetic sizikhala ndi vuto lalikulu, makamaka mu zovuta. Kupanga kumachitika nthawi zambiri.
  • Ma pikitsi osapanga dzimbiri ali ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kutsitsa kotsika kuposa austetitics, kuwapangitsa kukhala ovuta kupanga. Amafuna mphamvu zapamwamba komanso chisamaliro mosamala kuti mumve radii.

Kuwotcherera:

Kuphatikizika kwathunthu: Mu Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri Kuyerekezera kwa nsalu, chitsulo chotsika nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosavuta komanso chotsika mtengo kwambiri. Austetitic dambo, Ngakhale ndizosangalatsa komanso zotopetsa, Mavuto apadera ngati ntchito yolimbana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira komanso zolaula.

5.2 Njira yothandizira kutentha

Kutentha kutentha kumaphatikizapo kutentha kumatenthetsera ndi kuzizira kwa zitsulo kusinthitsa microstruction yawo ndikukwaniritsa zamagetsi.

Chitsulo cha Carbon:

Miyala yamkaka yamkaka, makamaka pakatikati komanso kwambiri-carborm, amayankha kwambiri mankhwala osiyanasiyana otentha:

• Annealing: Kutentha ndi kuzizira pang'ono kuti muchepetse zitsulo, Sinthani duckity ndi makina, ndikuchepetsa nkhawa zamkati.
• Kubwezera: Kutenthetsa pamwamba pa kutentha kovuta ndi mpweya wozizira kuti muchepetse mawonekedwe a tirigu ndikusintha mawonekedwe.
• Kuwumitsa (Kuzimitsa): Kutentha kwa kutentha kosintha kenako kuzizira mwachangu (kuzimitsa) m'madzi, mafuta, kapena mpweya kuti musinthe austetete mu Martinsite, gawo lolimba kwambiri komanso louma. Zitsulo zokha zokhala ndi zokwanira za mpweya (mwachinthu >0.3%) zitha kuumitsidwa kwambiri ndikuzimitsa.
• Kutentha: Kubwereza Kukhazikika (owuma) zitsulo kwa kutentha kwina pansipa, kugwira nthawi, kenako kuziziritsa. Izi zimachepetsa kubisalira, imathetsa mavuto, ndikusintha mphamvu, Nthawi zambiri ndimachepetsa ndi mphamvu. Malo omaliza amayendetsedwa ndi kutentha kwamphamvu.
• Kuwumitsa Mlandu (Kupaka, Nitring, ndi zina.): Chithandizo champhamvu cholimba chomwe chimasokoneza kaboni kapena nayitrogeni pansi pazinthu zotsika-kaboni kuti zizipanga zolimba, Zovala zosalimba zakunja ndikusunga maziko olimba.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri:

Mankhwala othandizira kutentha osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri:

• Austetitic dambo: Silingathe kuwumitsidwa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala (kupsinjika ndi kupsinjika) Chifukwa mawonekedwe awo a austetic ndi okhazikika.
  • Annealing (Yankho Lanu): Kutentha kwa kutentha kwakukulu (mwachitsanzo, 1000-1150° C kapena 1850-2100 ° F) kutsatiridwa ndi kuzizira mwachangu (Kuzimitsa Madzi kwa Zigawo Zakukulu) kusungunula ma carbigesider iliyonse yokhazikika ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mwamphamvu. Izi zimafewetsa zinthuzo, Imachepetsa nkhawa zozizira, ndikukulitsa kukana.
  • Kuchepetsa Kupsinjika: Zitha kuchitidwa pamtunda wotsika, Koma amasamala amafunika kupewa kuzindikira m'makalasi osakhazikika.
• Zitsulo zosakhazikika: Nthawi zambiri osaumitsa ndi mankhwala othandizira kutentha. Amakhala owoneka bwino kuti apititse pansi ndikuchepetsa nkhawa. Maphunziro ena amatha kuvutika chifukwa chochita zosemphana ndi kutentha kwina.
• Mapiritsi a Martiestitic: Amapangidwa makamaka kuti ayambe kuwumitsidwa ndi mankhwala othandizira kutentha. Njirayi imaphatikizapo:
  • Oustete: Kutentha kwa kutentha kwambiri kuti apange austetete.
  • Kuzimitsa: Kuzizira msanga (mu mafuta kapena mpweya, Kutengera kalasi) Kusintha austetete ku Martinsite.
  • Kutentha: Kuyambiranso kutentha kwapadera kuti mukwaniritse zomwe mukufuna, mphamvu, ndi kulimba.
• Matayala osapanga dzimbiri: Nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa munjira yolumikizidwa komanso yokhazikika. Mankhwala othandizira (mwachitsanzo, 1020-1100° C kapena 1870-2010 ° F) ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mukwaniritse gawo lolondola la Ferrite-Austetence ndi kusungunula magawo onse owopsa.
• Kulimbana ndi Kulimbana (PH) Zitsulo Zosapanga dzimbiri: Amakumana ndi mankhwala owiritsa:
  • Chithandizo cha yankho (Annealing): Ofanana ndi austetic, kuyika zinthu zokongola mu njira yolimba.
  • Kukamba (Kuvuta kwa Mvula): Kubwereza Kutentha Kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, 480-620° C kapena 900-1150 ° F) kwa nthawi yovomerezeka kuti ilole gawo labwino kwambiri kuti lizizungulira, Kukula Kwambiri Kwambiri ndi Kuumitsidwa.

The Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri Kuyerekeza kumavumbula kuti miyala yambiri ya kaboni imakhazikika kwambiri pokhazikika ndi kusuntha, Chithandizo cha kutentha chimayandikira ma chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndizosiyanasiyana, zogwirizana ndi mtundu wawo wapadera wa microstructirami.

6. Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel: Malo Ofunsira

Zopangidwa ndi Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri mwachilengedwe amawatsogolera kuti akondedwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsa ntchito. Kusankha kumayendetsedwa ndi zofunikira, mikhalidwe ya chilengedwe, Kuyembekezera kwa Moyo Wonse, ndi mtengo.

6.1 Magwiridwe antchito osapanga dzimbiri

Ubwino wosapanga dzimbiri, Mankhwala a hygienic, ndi mphamvu zabwino m'makalasi ambiri, imapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera yofunikira kwambiri:

Kupanga chakudya ndi zovuta:

• Zida: Akasinja, nyemba, kupopera, masamba, Kukonzekera pamalo a chakudya ndi zakumwa zakumwa (nthawi zambiri 304l, 316L kwa ukhondo ndi kukana kwagunda).
• Cookware ndi masamba: Miphika, matope, minofu, mafoloko, shovins (Magawo osiyanasiyana ngati 304, 410, 420, 440C).
• Zida za Kiriven: Masinki, Zojambula, Zitseko, uvuni.

Zamankhwala ndi mankhwala:

• Zida zopangira: Militso, affo, ma clamba (Magulu a Marternsestic 420, 440C kwa kuuma ndi lakuthwa; ena onyenga ngati 316l).
• Zida Zazachipatala: Zolowa m'malo (chiuno, madando), zomangira zomangira, zoyika mano (Maphunziro a Bioompomm Monga 316lvm, Titanium imafanana).
• Chida cha mankhwala: Zombo, kupopera, ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimafunikira chiyero chachikulu komanso kukana kwa othandizira oyeretsa.

Mafakitale a Chemical ndi Petrochemical:

• Akasinja, Zombo, ndi zilonda: Kusunga ndi kukonza mitundu yowononga (316L, ma duptux zitsulo, onjezerani angumited).
• Mapaipi Systems: Kunyamula madzi amtundu.
• Osinthanitsa: Komwe kukana ndi kusintha kwa mafuta kumafunikira.

Zomangamanga ndi Zomangamanga:

• Kutangidwa kunja ndi kumaso: Chifukwa cha kulimba mtima komanso kukopa kukopa (mwachitsanzo, 304, 316).
• Kufundira ndi kung'aniza: Osakhalitsa komanso osagwirizana.
• Ma hairrails, Balkrade, ndi zokongoletsera: Mawonekedwe amakono komanso kukonza zochepa.
• Zida Zapangidwe: M'malo otetezeka kapena komwe mulimbikitso kwambiri (ma duptux zitsulo, magawo ena austetic).
• Kukula kwa konkriti (Kubwezeredwa): Kapangidwe ka dzimbiri yachitsulo yobwezeretsedwa kwa malo okhalamo (mwachitsanzo, milathomu kumadera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja) Pofuna kupewa kukhazikika kwa konkriti chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri.

Mafuta ndi mayendedwe:

• Njira zotopetsa: Zilonda za Catalytic, ma mufflers, miyala (Magulu achangu ngati 409, 439; ena oustetitics pakugwira ntchito kwambiri).
• Matanki a mafuta ndi mizere: Pokana kutengera.
• Chepetsa ndi zokongoletsera.
• Zojambula pamagawo ndi sitima.

Zamlengalenga:

• Zida zapamwamba kwambiri: Zigawo za injini, kufika zida zamiyala, zomangira (Zitsulo zosakhazikika, Makalasi ena a Martiestitic).
• Mizere ya Hydraulic ndi mizere yamafuta.

Malo okhala m'madzi:

• Mabwato olimbitsa: Zitsulo, njanji, osindikiza, mitsinje (316L, Masamba a Duptux a Chloride wamkulu).
• Mafuta am'maso ndi nsanja: Pupu, zigawo zikuluzikulu.

Mphamvu Zamagetsi:

• Masamba a Turbine: (Marteenitic ndi pH grades).
• Kutentha kwa kutentha tubing, Babu.
• Zida za Nyukiliya Zazikulu.

Makampani a Pulp ndi Paper:

Zida zopezeka ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

6.2 Madera ogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha mpweya

Chitsulo cha carbon, Chifukwa cha makina ake abwino, Kusiyanitsa ndi mankhwala othandizira kutentha, chabwino kwambiri (Kwa otsika-kaboni), Ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri, imakhalabe ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kovuta komwe kuwonongeka kwambiri si chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kapena komwe ingatetezedwe.

Ntchito Zomanga ndi Zomangamanga:

• Mawonekedwe: I-miyala, H-Moto, njira, makona a mafelemu omanga, milatho, ndi magulu ena (nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazitsulo za kaboni).
• Kulimbikitsa mipiringidzo (Kubwezeredwa): Kwa ma contretive (Ngakhale osakhazikika amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta).
• Pupu: Madzi, gasi, ndi kufalikira kwa mafuta (mwachitsanzo, API 5l Stades).
• Masamba okhala ndi zileki.
• Denga ndi kumbali (Nthawi zambiri zimaphimbidwa): Ma sheet ojambula kapena ojambula.

Makampani Agalimoto:

• Matupi agalimoto ndi chassis: Mapanelo opindika, mafelemu (Makulidwe osiyanasiyana otsika ndi apakatikati-kaboni, kuphatikizapo mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri (Hsla) Zitsulo zomwe ndi mtundu wa chitsulo cha carboboni).
• Zida za injini: Ma crankshafts, zolumikizira, camshafts (sing'anga, zitsulo zopangidwa).
• Magiya ndi shafts: (Media mpaka ma carbon, Nthawi zambiri amakhala ouma kapena owuma).
• Kumangothana: Magomedwe, mtedza, zomangira.

Makina ndi Zida:

• Mafelemu a makina ndi zitsulo.
• Magiya, Nsapato, Poyanja, Ma Bearings (Nthawi zambiri ma carbon kapena alloy zitsulo).
• Zida: Zida zamanja (hambi, miyala - sing'anga-kaboni), zida zodulira (kubowola, Machilys - wamkulu-carbon).
• Zida zaulimi: Kulima, ma harrows, zigawo zikuluzikulu.

Gawo la Mphamvu:

• Mapaipi: Kuyendetsa mafuta ndi mafuta (Monga tafotokozera).
• Akasinja osungira: Za mafuta, gasi, ndi madzi (nthawi zambiri ndi zokutira zamkati kapena Cashonic chitetezo).
• Mapaipi amakumba ndi zojambula.

Kuyendetsa njanji:

• Ma track a sitima (Njanji): Chachikulu-carbon, zitsulo zosakanikirana.
• Mawilo ndi ma axles.
• Matupi onyamula magalimoto.

Kupanga zombo (Magulu a Hull):

• Ngakhale osakhazikika amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zolimbitsa thupi, Zovala zazikuluzikulu za zombo zazikulu kwambiri zamalonda zimapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo cha kaboni (Magawo osiyanasiyana a Marine chitsulo cha a, Ah36, D36) Chifukwa cha mtengo komanso utole, Ndi makina otetezera oteteza.

Kupanga zifukwa ndi kufa:

• Makhate-Carbon Affers (Zida Zida, zomwe zitha kukhala zomveka kapena zokongola) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhoma, amafa, nkhungu, ndi zodula zida chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kuwumitsidwa.

The Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri Kufanizira kwa ntchito kumawonetsa kuti miyala yamkaka yomwe imalamulira kuti mtengo ndi nyonga ndi madalaivala akulu ndi kutukula, pamene chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri Zopambana komwe kukana, waukhondo, kapena zokongoletsa / zotentha kwambiri-kutentha.

7. Kusanthula Kwachuma ndi Zachuma: Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel

Mbali yachuma ndi chinthu chachikulu mu Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri Njira Yopanga Zisankho. Izi sizimaphatikizapo ndalama zoyambirira zokha komanso kukonza, kukonza, ndi mtengo wamoyo.

7.1 Kuyerekezera kwa mitengo yazomwe zili

Chitsulo cha Carbon:

Nthawi zambiri, miyala yamchere ili ndi chotsika kwambiri mtengo woyamba kugula kulemera kwa unit (mwachitsanzo, pa mapaundi kapena pa kilogalamu) poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Izi makamaka chifukwa:

• Zopangira zochulukirapo: Roce ndi kaboni amapezeka mosavuta komanso otsika mtengo.
• Zosangalatsa: Sizitengera zinthu zokwera mtengo ngati chromium, nickel, kapena molybdenum pamiyeso yambiri.
• Kupanga Kupanga Njira: Kupanga kwa chitsulo cha carbon ndi njira yotsimikizika kwambiri komanso yayikulu.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri:

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo chifukwa cha:

• Mtengo woyalikana: Madalaivala oyambira mtengo ndi zinthu zoyatsira zomwe zimapereka katundu wake "wosasiyidwa":
  • Chromium (Cr): Kuchepa 10.5%, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zapamwamba.
  • Nickel (Mu): Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu austetic magiredi (ngati 304, 316), ndi nickel ndi chitsulo chamtengo wapatali chotsika mtengo pamisika yosasunthika.
  • Molybdenum (Mo): Anawonjezera kukana kwa chipongwe (mwachitsanzo, mu 316), ndipo ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali.
  • Zinthu zina ngati titanium, niobium, ndi zina., onjezerani pamtengo.
• Kupanga kovuta kwambiri: Njira zopangira chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kuphatikiza kusungunuka, kuyenyezi (mwachitsanzo, Argon oxygen Dekarburization - AOD), ndi kuwongolera koyenera, ikhoza kukhala yovuta kwambiri komanso yolimba kwambiri kuposa chitsulo cha kaboni.

7.2 Kukonza ndi kukonza ndalama

Mtengo woyambira woyamba ndi gawo limodzi lokha la kuchuluka kwachuma.

Kukonza mtengo (Nsanje):

• Chitsulo cha Carbon:
  • Machining: Makamaka zosavuta komanso mwachangu kumakina, Kutsogolera kutsika kwa zonyamula zotsika ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito.
  • Kuwotcherera: Zitsulo zotsika ndizosavuta kutchetchera ndi njira zochepa zotsika mtengo komanso njira zosavuta. Zitsulo zapamwamba za kaboni zimafunikira kwambiri (ndi ndalama) Njira zoweta.
  • Kupanga: Chitsulo chotsika chimapangidwa mosavuta ndi mphamvu zotsika.
• Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri:
  • Machining: Zitha kukhala zovuta kwambiri, makamaka Austetic ndi Duplex Maphunziro, Chifukwa chogwira ntchito zolimba komanso zotsika kwambiri. Izi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kuyendayenda pang'onopang'ono, Kuchuluka kwa chida, ndi ndalama zapamwamba.
  • Kuwotcherera: Pamafunika zitsulo zapadera, Nthawi zambiri zotupa zaluso, ndi kuyang'anira mosamala ndi kutentha kwa kutentha. Mpweya wotchinga (mwachitsanzo, Argon ya Tig) ndizofunikira.
  • Kupanga: Maphunziro a Austentic ndiwowoneka koma amafuna mphamvu zapamwamba chifukwa chogwira ntchito. Maphunziro ena amatha kukhala ovuta kwambiri.
    Zonse, Ndalama zopanga zosapanga dzimbiri zimakhala zochulukirapo kuposa zomwe zimadziwika kuti zitsulo zofananira.

Ndalama zokonza:

Apa ndipomwe Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri Kufanizira maupangiri nthawi zambiri m'malo mwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, makamaka m'malo okhalamo.

• Chitsulo cha Carbon:
  • Pamafunika kuphika koyambirira (pikicha yopentedwa, gawera).
  • Izi zokutira zimakhala ndi moyo wachisangalalo ndipo zimafunikira kuyang'ana kwakanthawi, kukonza, ndikupezanso moyo wonse wa chigawo chimodzi chomwe chingachitike. Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwira ntchito, zipangizo, ndi nthawi yabwino.
  • Ngati chimbudzi sichinayende bwino, Kukhulupirika kukhulupirika kumatha kusokonekera, Kutsogolera ku mitengo yamtengo wapatali kapena m'malo.
• Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri:
  • Nthawi zambiri pamafunika kukonza kochepa kwa chitetezero cha m'mimba chifukwa cha osanjikiza ake.
  • Kukhala ndi mawonekedwe, Makamaka m'malo okhala ndi madiponsi, Kuyeretsedwa kwakanthawi kumatha kukhala kofunikira - koma nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa komanso kosavuta kuposa kubwereza zitsulo za kaboni.
  • "Kudzichiritsa" kwa filimu yongotanthauza kutanthauza zikwangwani zazing'ono nthawi zambiri sizikusokoneza.

Kuchepetsa kwakukulu kumeneku pokonza kungayambitse ndalama zochulukirapo ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

7.3 Mtengo Wozungulira Moyo (LCC) ndi kubwezeretsanso

Kufanizira kwachuma chenicheni kuyenera kuganizira zonse za zinthuzo.

Mtengo Wozungulira Moyo (LCC):

Kusanthula kwa LCC kumaphatikizapo:

1. Mtengo woyamba
2. Nsalu ndi mtengo woyika
3. Ndalama Zothandiza (Ngati wina wogwirizana ndi zomwe zachitika)
4. Kukonza ndi kukonza ndalama zomwe mukufuna
5. Kutaya kapena njira yobwezeretsanso kumapeto kwa moyo

Pamene LCC imaganiziridwa, Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachuma kuposa chitsulo cha kaboni mu ntchito komwe:

• Chilengedwe ndichoncho.
• Kukonzekera koyenera ndikovuta kapena kokwera mtengo.
• Nthawi yopuma ndiyosavomerezeka.
• Moyo wautali wofunika.
• Mtengo wokongola komanso ukhondo wa chitsulo wopanda dzimbiri ndizofunikira.
  Mtengo wokwera woyamba wosapanga dzimbiri umatha kupezeka ndi ndalama zotsala komanso zazitali, Moyo Wodalirika Kwambiri.

Kubwezeretsanso:

Zitsulo zonse za kaboni komanso chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zimabwezedwanso, zomwe ndizabwino zachilengedwe komanso zachuma.

• Chitsulo cha Carbon: Kubwezeretsanso. Steel Scrap ndi gawo lalikulu mu chitsulo chatsopano.
• Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: Komanso obwezeredwa kwambiri. Zinthu zokongola (chromium, nickel, molybdenum) Mu scrap yachitsulo yopanda chitsulo ndizofunika ndipo imatha kubwezeredwa ndikugwiriridwa ndikupanga chitsulo chosapanga chopanda chosapanga dzimbiri kapena zina. Izi zimathandiza kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mabatani airgion ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu poyerekeza ndi kupanga. Mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri umatanthawuza nthawi zambiri amalamula mtengo wabwino kuposa shale scrap.

Kubwezeretsanso kumathandizira kuti LCC ya zinthu zonse ziwiri popereka phindu kumapeto kwa moyo wawo.

8. Chitsogozo Chosankhidwa cha Zinthu: Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel

Kusankha pakati Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri pamafunika njira yabwino, poganiza zofuna za pulogalamuyi ndi katundu aliyense.

Gawoli limapereka chitsogozo chothandizira kukhazikitsa njirayi.

8.1 Kusanthula Zofunikira

Gawo loyamba ndikulongosola bwino zofunikira za chinthucho kapena kapangidwe kake:

Makina ogulitsa ndi zipsinjo:

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chikuyembekezeka, wogomeza, gawa, kupinda, kapena katundu wambiri?

Ndi malo osungira kapena mwamphamvu (kutopa)?

Zimakhudzidwa ndi zomwe zimayembekezeredwa?

Kulondoleza:

Mainjiniya amatha kusankha kutentha kwa kutentha kwa mpweya kapena chitsulo chokwera kwambiri ngati martensitic, PH, kapena ma stuple a ma duplex akafuna mphamvu zazikulu.

Zolinga zonse zopangidwa ndi katundu woyenera, Mitundu yapakatikati-kaboni kapena yodziwika bwino dzimbiri ngati 304/316 (makamaka ngati ozizira) kapena 6061-t6 zitha kukwana.

Ngati kulimba mtima kwakukulu komanso kukana kwamphamvu ndikofunikira, makamaka kutentha kotsika, Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndizopambana.

Zitsulo zotsika mtengo zimakhalanso zovuta.

Kutentha:

Kodi gawo lizigwira ntchito pa cholowa, wokwezeka, kapena kutentha kwa crygenic?

Kulondoleza:

Austetitic osapanga dzimbiri mosapanga amakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino komanso kuuma kwambiri pa kutentha kwa chrogenic.

Makulidwe ena osapanga dzimbiri (mwachitsanzo, 304H, 310, 321) perekani bwino kukana ndi mphamvu pamatenthedwe okwera.

Mapewa a kaboni amatha kutaya mphamvu pamitenthedwe yotsika (Chamande) ndi nyonga pa kutentha kwambiri (zunguza).

Zitsulo zokongola za kaboni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa kutentha kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, boulet machubu).

Valani ndi kukana kwa Abrasion:

Kodi gawo lidzagonjetsedwa, kutulutsa, kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono?

Kulondoleza:

Kuthetsa kuvala, Ambiri amasankha kutentha kwa kutentha kwa mpweya kapena chitsulo chosapanga matendetic fodya ngati 440c.

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimatha kugubuduza mosavuta; Ganizirani chithandizo cham'munda kapena malo ovuta ngati kuvala ndi nkhawa.

Zofunikira ndi Zofunikira:

Kodi kapangidwe kake kumaphatikizapo mawonekedwe ovuta kupangidwira kwambiri?

Kodi gawo lidzawerengedwa?

Kulondoleza:

Kwa osokoneza bongo, chitsulo chotsika kapena chitsulo chowoneka bwino chosapanga dzimbiri (ngati 304-o) zabwino kwambiri.

Ngati kuwotcherera ndi gawo lalikulu la nsalu, Zitsulo zotsika komanso zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri ndizosavuta kuzila kwambiri kuposa ma carbon ma carbon kapena matendentic osapanga zitsulo.

Ganizirani zakuda zamakalasi ena.

8.2 Kuganizira Zachilengedwe ndi Chitetezo

Malo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi zinthu zilizonse zotsutsa ndizofunikira:

Chilengedwe:

Kodi chilengedwe ndi chiyani? (mwachitsanzo, mlenji, Madzi atsopano, dzino, Kuwonetsedwa kwa mankhwala)?

Kulondoleza:

Apa ndipamene chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala chosankha chosankha.

Ofatsa mlengalenga: Kateboni wachitsulo wokhala ndi zofunda zabwino zitha kukwana. 304 SS ya kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Marine / chloride: 316 SS, ma duplex ss, kapena oyang'anira. Chitsulo cha kaboni chimafuna chitetezo chokhazikika komanso mosalekeza.

Chemical: Maphunziro osapanga dzimbiri (kapena oyang'anira ena apadera) zogwirizana ndi mankhwala.

Zofunikira zaukhondo:

Ndi ntchito pakukonza chakudya, zachipatala, kapena mafakitale opangira mankhwala komwe ukhondo komanso wosagwirizana ndi wofunikira?

Kulondoleza:

Ambiri amakonda kusapanga dzimbiri - makamaka mafilimu ngati 304l ndi 316l-kuti isalala, osakhala pamwamba, kuyeretsa kosavuta, ndi kukana kwagunda komwe kumalepheretsa kuipitsidwa.

Zosangalatsa:

Ndiye mawonekedwe owoneka bwino?

Kulondoleza:

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimapereka zowoneka bwino komanso zolimba.

Carbon Steel imafunikira kupaka utoto kapena kuyika zisudzo.

Maginito Properties:

Kodi ntchitoyo imafunikira zinthu zopanda maginito, kapena ndi maginito ovomerezeka / ofunikira?

Kulondoleza:

Zithunzi za kaboni nthawi zonse zimakhala zamatsenga.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (oyimilira) si magnetic.

Ferritic, Marteensitic, ndipo zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndizopanda maginito.

Kutsutsa Kwa chitetezo:

Zotsatira zake zalephera chuma (mwachitsanzo, Kutaya Zachuma, Zowonongeka zachilengedwe, kuvulaza, Kutaya Moyo)?

Kulondoleza:

Zofunsira Zotetezedwa, mainjiniya nthawi zambiri amayamba kuyandikira kwambiri, Nthawi zambiri amasankha zokwera mtengo kwambiri zomwe zimapereka kudalirika kwambiri ndi kuneneratu mu malo ogwiritsira ntchito.

Izi zitha kutsamira kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ngati chiopsezo chosowa cha chitsulo cha kaboni.

8.3 Zisankho Zokwanira Matrix: Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel

Matrix sakanatha kuyerekezera zosankha.

Zambiri pansipa ndizambiri (1 = Osauka, 5 = Zabwino); Makunja ena omwe ali m'banja lililonse amawathandizanso.

Chisankho chosavuta matrix - kaboni vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (Kuyerekeza General)

Kupanga chisankho chabwino mu Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri Kuvutitsa kumafuna kuphatikiza kwa sayansi yakuthupi, Ntchito Zofunikira, ndi zinthu zachuma.

9. FAQ: Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel

Q1: Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri?

A: Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndikukhutira kwa chromium - chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuli ndi osachepera 10.5%, Kupanga ophika ozizira omwe amatsutsana, pomwe chitsulo cha carbon chimasowa izi ndi dzimbiri zopanda chitetezo.

Q2: Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zonse kuposa chitsulo cha kaboni?

A: Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri sizikhala bwino nthawi zonse - zimatengera ntchito.

Imapereka kuponderezedwa kopambana ndi zidziwitso.

Pomwe chitsulo cha carbon chitha kukhala cholimba, Limbikirani, kusavuta kwa makina kapena kuwotchera, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo.

Zinthu zabwino kwambiri ndi zomwe zimagwirizana, kukhazikika, ndi zosowa zamtengo.

Q3: Chifukwa chiyani chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndizokwera mtengo kuposa chitsulo cha kaboni?

A: Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri chifukwa cha zinthu zopatsa mphamvu ngati chromium, nickel, ndi molybdenum, ndi njira yake yopanga zovuta.

Q4: Nditha kuwunika chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri?

A: Kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kwa chitsulo cha kaboni pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zazitsulo kumafunikira chisamaliro chapadera.

Zovuta Zimaphatikizapo Kuchulukitsa Kukulitsa Mafuta, Kusamukira kaboni, ndi kutchuka kwalvanic.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosefera ngati 309 kapena 312 Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimathandizira kusiyana kwa Bridge. Kapangidwe kokhalamo komanso njira ndiyofunikira.

10. Mapeto

Kuyerekezera kwa Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri imawulula mabanja awiri osinthasintha koma osiyana, Aliyense wokhala ndi mbiri yapadera ya katundu, ubwino, ndi malire.

Chitsulo cha carbon, Zofotokozedwa ndi zomwe zakhalapo kaboni, imapereka mawonekedwe otakata, mawonekedwe abwino (makamaka otsika-kaboni), ndi bwino kwambiri, onse pamtengo wotsika mtengo.

Chidendene chake, komabe, ndi chiwopsezo chambiri, Kufunika koteteza njira zambiri.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, yodziwika ndi zochepa zake 10.5% Chromium zomwe zili, imasiyanitsani kuti ndi kuthekera kochititsa chidwi kwambiri pokana kuwononga chifukwa cha mawonekedwe, Kuchiritsa kwa chromium oxide wosanjikiza.

Kupitirira izi, Mabanja osiyanasiyana a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chiwopsezo, Marteensitic, Duplex, ndi pH-imapereka mitundu yambiri yamakina, Kuchokera kuvuta kwambiri ndi maudindo ku kuuma kwakukulu ndi nyonga, Pamodzi ndi zokongoletsera.

Zinthu zowonjezerazi, komabe, bwerani pamtengo wapamwamba kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi njira zophatikizira zophatikizira.

Chigamulo pakati Kaboni wachitsulo vs chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri si nkhani imodzi yopambana kuposa inansoyo.

M'mala mwa, Kusankha kumatengera kusanthula kokwanira kwa zofunikira za ntchito.