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PVC plastic material is a polymer compound formed by the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer, referred to as PVC in English. This material has excellent physical and chemical properties, so it is widely used in construction, electricity, automobile, medical and other industries.
The physical properties of PVC include high hardness and strength, as well as good wear resistance, corrosion resistance and temperature resistance. At room temperature, PVC is a colorless, transparent solid, but it can present different colors and shapes by adding different additives. The chemical properties of PVC are stable and can resist the erosion of chemical substances such as acids, alkalis and salts, but it will decompose and age under conditions of high temperature, high pressure, ultraviolet rays, etc., and release harmful gases, which are harmful to human health.
PVC Plastic Chemical Formula
The preparation of PVC is mainly achieved through polymerization reaction, which can be achieved by free radical polymerization or ion polymerization. The prepared PVC resin can be made into products of various shapes and sizes through processing processes such as extrusion, injection molding, and calendering. However, PVC materials will have a certain impact on the environment during production, use and disposal, such as generating a large amount of pollutants such as wastewater, waste gas and waste residue, and it is difficult to decompose during disposal, which is easy to cause land and water pollution. Therefore, although PVC has many excellent physical and chemical properties, its environmental impact cannot be ignored.
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
| Cost-effective | Produces toxic gases (e.g. HCl) when burned |
| Durable, resistant to abrasion and chemical corrosion | Not easy to degrade, burdening the environment |
| Easy to process and shape | Harmful substances may be released during the production process |
| Has good insulating properties | Becomes brittle when exposed to sunlight for a long time |
| Highly plastic, can be made into a variety of colors and shapes | Difficult to recycle, different types of PVC are difficult to separate after mixing |
| Good weather resistance, widely used outdoors | Potential risks to human health (e.g. use of plasticizers) |
There are many types of PVC plastics, mainly including rigid PVC and soft PVC.
Unplasticized PVC, which contains no or only a small amount of plasticizer, has good hardness and rigidity and is often used to make pipes, window frames, door panels, wall panels, floors, wires and cables, etc. Rigid PVC is further subdivided into PVC-U pipes (unplasticized polyvinyl chloride pipes) and PVC-C pipes (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride pipes). PVC-U pipes have good corrosion resistance and chemical stability and are widely used in water supply, drainage, and sewage pipes. PVC-C pipes have higher heat resistance and corrosion resistance and are mainly used in industrial fields such as high-temperature medium transportation and power cable protection.
Soft PVC, with a large amount of plasticizer added, has good softness and plasticity and is often used to make soft products such as plastic bags, plastic films, plastic shoes, and plastic toys.
Soft PVC material
It is lightweight, has good thermal insulation and sound absorption properties, and is often used to make billboards, decorative panels, aircraft and car interiors, etc. Transparent PVC has good transparency and glossiness, and is often used to make food packaging films, bottles, curtains, hooks, etc.
These different types of PVC plastics each have their own specific characteristics and application areas, meeting the diverse needs of different industries and daily life.
The production process of PVC plastic mainly includes two methods: suspension polymerization and emulsion polymerization.
The raw material ratio is usually 1:1.4 for vinyl chloride and water, the initiator dosage is 0.04%-0.05% of the monomer, and the dispersant dosage is 0.05%-0.03% of the water.
The process includes pumping water into the polymerization kettle, adding initiator and dispersant, and then adding vinyl chloride monomer. The temperature is raised by passing steam into the jacket, the temperature is controlled at 47~58°C, the pressure is maintained at 0.65~85MPa, and the reaction time is about 12~14 hours.
After the polymerization is completed, the suspension enters the precipitation tank, and alkali solution is added for alkali treatment to destroy low molecular weight substances and residual initiators, dispersants and other impurities. The treated suspension is washed, centrifuged, dehydrated, and finally dried to obtain solid powder PVC.
Emulsion polymerization is a traditional method for industrial production of PVC. Although the specific details are not described in detail in the information provided, it can be inferred that it involves the formation of an emulsion state of vinyl chloride monomer in water through the action of an emulsifier, and polymerization reaction through the action of an initiator, and finally obtaining an emulsion PVC product.
These two methods have their own characteristics. Suspension polymerization is suitable for the production of solid powder PVC, while emulsion polymerization is suitable for the production of emulsion PVC. In actual production, the appropriate polymerization method is selected according to the final use of the product. In addition, the production of PVC also includes a series of complex process from the synthesis of vinyl chloride monomer to the processing of the final product, involving multiple chemical reactions and physical treatment steps to ensure that the quality and performance of the final product meet the use requirements.
PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is a common plastic material that is widely used in many fields due to its good performance and cost-effectiveness. Here are some of the main application areas of PVC plastic:
Building materials
Packaging materials
Card manufacturing
Bank cards, credit cards, membership cards and other smart cards, etc.
Floor and wall decoration
PVC flooring is suitable for homes, offices, hospitals and other places due to its softness and elasticity. Wall decoration, such as wallpaper, siding, etc.
PVC Plastic material
Imitation wood materials and strip steel materials
Used to manufacture products that look similar to wood, such as decorative strips, door frames, etc.
Anti-corrosion pipes
Pipes used in environments that require corrosion protection, such as the chemical industry.
Wires and cables
PVC is used as the outer protective material for wires and cables.
Household items
Such as edge protection strips for furniture, kitchen supplies, etc.
Medical industry
Including disposable medical devices such as infusion tubes and hemodialysis equipment.
Automotive interiors
Interior decorative parts such as seats and dashboards.
Toys
Soft PVC is used to produce various toys, especially those that require flexibility.
Stationery
Such as office supplies such as pen holders and folders.
In addition, PVC can also be used to manufacture advertising signs, outdoor awnings, boat materials, etc. It should be noted that although PVC has a wide range of applications, due to its environmental and health impacts during production, use and disposal, some countries and regions have certain restrictions on its use or the development of substitutes.
PVC plastic can be processed using CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines. CNC machines are highly accurate and efficient, making them suitable for processing a wide range of materials, including PVC. Here is some information about using CNC machines to process PVC:
CNC machined PVC parts
In short, PVC is a commonly used engineering plastic. Its good mechanical properties and processing properties make it one of the ideal materials for CNC machine tool processing. However, in actual operation, it is also necessary to adjust the processing parameters and technical solutions according to specific processing requirements.
PVC is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine. Therefore, it is a source of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) and phthalates, which are both considered carcinogens. The ideal use of PVC is in building materials and construction applications such as PVC pipes and cables, but although PVC is a very important plastic polymer, there are also many disadvantages to using PVC. The harmful effects that PVC can have must be taken into account. If PVC is heated (or absorbs a small amount of UV (ultraviolet light) from the sun), it can release toxic gases such as dioxins and HCI. In addition, since PVC is often used in some school supplies, it is very dangerous to children’s health.
It is recommended to avoid letting children directly touch or use any product made of PVC. You can find out if a product does not contain PVC by checking for plastic products marked with a “3” in the recycling triangle. In summary, PVC is a very important plastic raw material that has many forms and uses and is an important asset for many industries. However, since PVC produces toxic substances or gases when heated, it is very harmful to the human body.
Furthermore, PVC is often used in the production of pipes for drinking water. While it is perfectly suitable for this purpose, it can have very serious and dangerous effects on your health. Most importantly, PVC can degrade due to heat, UV exposure, and extremely high pressure, which represents a high risk of toxicity.
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