برقي خارج ڪرڻ واري مشين (اي ڊي ايم) also known as spark machining, spark eroding, die sinking, wire burning, or wire erosion, is a metal fabrication process that shapes materials using electrical discharges (چمڪ).
EDM is particularly useful for machining hard materials and creating complex shapes that are difficult or impossible to achieve with traditional machining methods.
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EDM operates on the principle of erosion by electrical discharges. عمل ھيٺ ڏنل قدمن تي مشتمل آھي:
سيٽ اپ ڪريو: The workpiece and the tool (electrode) are submerged in a dielectric fluid (usually oil or deionized water).
Approach: The electrode is brought close to the workpiece, maintaining a small gap known as the spark gap.
Discharge: A voltage is applied between the electrode and the workpiece, causing a spark to jump across the gap. This spark generates intense heat, melting and vaporizing a small amount of material from both the workpiece and the electrode.
Flushing: The dielectric fluid flushes away the eroded particles and cools the area, making it ready for the next discharge.
Repetition: This process is repeated thousands of times per second, gradually removing material and shaping the workpiece.
وائر EDM (WEDM):
Sink or Ram EDM:
Small Hole EDM:
Non-Contact Machining: The workpiece is not physically touched by the tool, reducing stress and deformation.
سڌائي: Capable of achieving very fine tolerances, often within ±0.0001" (±0.0025 mm).
ورهاڱي: Can machine a wide range of materials, including hardened steels, carbides, and superalloys.
پيچيده شڪلون: Ideal for machining intricate and complex shapes that are difficult to achieve with traditional methods.
Mold Making: Used extensively in the production of molds for injection molding, مري وڃڻ, and other forming processes.
فضائي: For machining complex parts with tight tolerances, such as turbine blades, انجڻ جا اجزاء, and fuel system parts.
ميڊيڪل ڊوائيسز: Use in the manufacturing of precise components like surgical instruments, امپلانٽس, ۽ طبي آلات.
Semiconductor Industry: Used to create microstructures and precise features in semiconductor wafers and other components.
Tool and Die Making: Used to make precise dies, ٺهيل, and other tooling components.
Electrode Material: The choice of electrode material (گرافائٽ, ٽامي, or brass) affects the machining efficiency, wear rate, and surface finish.
Dielectric سيال: The type and quality of the dielectric fluid influence the machining stability, مٿاڇري ختم, and material removal rate.
Spark Gap Control: Maintaining a consistent spark gap is crucial for achieving precision and preventing short circuits.
Heat Affected Zone (HAZ): EDM generates heat, which can affect the material properties near the machined surface. Proper flushing and cooling are essential to minimize the HAZ.
Cost and Efficiency: While EDM can achieve high precision and complex geometries, it is generally slower and more expensive than traditional machining methods, making it suitable for specific applications where these capabilities are essential.
EDM is a vital machining process for producing high-precision, intricate parts from hard materials. It is essential in industries where precision, complexity, and material properties are crucial.
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