Surface treatment technologies aim to improve the performance of material surfaces through different process methods, thereby enhancing the product's appearance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, conductivity and other properties.
Surface treatment technologies aim to improve the performance of material surfaces through different process methods, thereby enhancing the product’s appearance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, conductivity and other properties. These technologies are widely used in the automotive, electronics, machinery, construction, medical and other fields.
Principle: Apply an electric field to a solution containing metal salts to be plated, with the plated part as the cathode and the plated metal as the anode. After power is turned on, the metal ions in the solution form a coating at the cathode under the action of the potential difference, and the anode metal enters the solution to maintain the ion concentration.
Features:
Application scenarios: Commonly used in automotive parts (such as door handles, bumpers), electronic and electrical fields (printed circuit board circuits, connectors) and daily hardware products (faucets, door handles), etc., with both aesthetics and protection.
Electroplating
Principle: Under the action of the DC electric field, cations move to the cathode and deposit, and anions move to the anode. At the same time, there are four effects: electrophoresis, electrodeposition, electrolysis, and electroosmosis. Water-soluble paint is used for coating.
Features:
Application scenario: Widely used in large-scale assembly line operations in the automotive, military, hardware and other industries.
Electrophoretic coating
Principle: Place the metal material as the anode in the electrolyte solution, and after power is turned on, the cations form a microporous oxide film on the anode surface, involving two processes: metal dissolution and oxide film formation.
Features:
Application scenarios: It is widely used in aerospace (aluminum alloy parts), electronic consumer products (tablet computers, laptop computer shells) and architectural decoration (aluminum alloy doors and windows, curtain walls) and other fields, which are both beautiful and durable.
Anodic oxidation
Principle: Deposit metal coating on the surface of the substrate by chemical reaction, and the metal ions in the plating solution are reduced to atoms and deposited under the action of the reducing agent, without the need for an external power supply.
Features:
Application scenarios: Applied to the petrochemical industry (pipelines, valves), mold manufacturing field (improving mold demoulding and wear resistance) and the electronics industry (small and complex electronic components), etc., to enhance the relevant performance of components.
Chemical plating
Principle: Use high-temperature flames, arcs and other heat sources to heat the spraying material to a molten or semi-molten state, and then spray it onto the workpiece with a high-speed airflow to form a coating.
Features:
Application scenarios: Commonly used in the power industry (power station boiler pipelines), metallurgical industry (rollers) and mechanical repair fields (worn shafts, gears), etc., to improve component performance, extend service life and save costs.
Thermal spraying
Principle: Argon is injected under vacuum, argon hits the target material, and the target material molecules are adsorbed by conductive goods to form a metal-like surface layer.
Features:
Application scenarios: Commonly used in electronic product housings, plastic decorations, automotive interiors, etc. to improve appearance quality and grade.
Vacuum plating
Principle: The atoms of the workpiece immersed in the electrolyte are converted into ions and removed under the action of the current, removing fine burrs and improving brightness.
Features:
Application scenarios: Mainly used in stainless steel products, precision mechanical parts, medical equipment and other fields with high requirements for finish and corrosion resistance, such as stainless steel tableware and surgical instruments.
Electrolytic polishing
Principle: Through chemical or electrochemical methods, a dense and highly stable oxide film or compound film layer is formed on the metal surface to prevent further reaction of the metal.
Features:
Application scenarios: Widely used in stainless steel products (tableware, kitchenware, medical equipment, architectural decorative components), hardware processing fields (precision small parts) and automobile parts production, etc., to ensure product durability.
Passivation treatment
Principle: Immerse the metal workpiece in an acidic solution containing dihydrogen phosphate. Under certain conditions, the solution reacts with the metal surface to form a phosphate crystal film, which provides a base for subsequent coating.
Features:
Application scenarios: Commonly used in the machinery manufacturing industry (pretreatment of mechanical parts before painting), the automotive industry (body, frame and other parts) and the hardware and furniture manufacturing industry (metal filing cabinets, shelves), etc., to optimize surface quality and improve durability.
Phosphating treatment
Principle: Put the steel products into an alkaline solution containing an oxidant and sodium hydroxide, and generate an oxide film whose main component is ferroferric oxide through chemical reaction, which appears black or blue-black.
Features:
Application scenarios: It is used for mechanical parts (small parts such as ordinary bolts and nuts), tool manufacturing (fitter tools) and some weapons manufacturing (antique weapons, civilian knives), etc., to achieve rust prevention and appearance decoration.
Blackening treatment
Principle: Under high electric field strength, plasma micro-arc discharge phenomenon is generated in the micro-area of the metal surface, so that the atoms on the metal surface react with the ions in the electrolyte, and a ceramic oxide film is grown in situ. The film layer is firmly bonded to the substrate and has a porous structure.
Features:
Application scenarios: It has important applications in the aerospace field (aluminum alloy structural parts of aircraft, engine parts), the electronics industry (aluminum housings of electronic equipment), and the biomedical field (titanium alloy artificial joints), etc., to improve component performance and meet special needs.
Micro-arc oxidation
Principle: It is divided into physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). PVD converts the source material into a gaseous state by physical methods and then deposits it on the substrate to form a film; CVD uses a gaseous precursor to chemically react under activation conditions to generate a solid-state deposited film.
Features:
Application scenarios: Widely used in the optical field (manufacturing optical lenses, filters, reflectors), electronic information industry (semiconductor chip manufacturing, electronic display manufacturing) and tool coating field (metal cutting tools), etc., to improve product performance.
Vapor deposition
Principle: Ions are generated by an ion source, which are accelerated and focused to bombard the surface of solid materials and injected into the lattice to change the surface chemical composition, microstructure and physical properties.
Features:
Application scenarios: It is used in aerospace parts (engine blades, bearings), medical equipment fields (artificial joints, dental implants) and semiconductor manufacturing (regulating the electrical properties of semiconductor devices), etc., to optimize component performance and ensure the use effect.
Ion implantation
Principle: Use high-speed projectiles to hit the surface of metal workpieces, causing plastic deformation of the surface material, generating residual compressive stress, refining grains, increasing dislocation density, etc.
Features:
Application scenarios: In the aerospace field (aircraft landing gear, wing beam), automobile manufacturing industry (engine crankshaft, connecting rod, transmission gear) and mechanical manufacturing and heavy industry fields (drive shaft, rolling mill roller), etc., enhance the durability of parts and reduce the frequency of maintenance.
Shot peening
Principle: Put the workpiece, abrasive, chemical additives and water into the drum, and rotate the drum to make the workpiece and the abrasive collide and rub against each other, remove surface burrs, oxide scale, rust, etc. and smooth the surface.
Features:
Application scenarios: In the hardware processing industry (small metal accessories), mechanical parts manufacturing (irregular small parts) and jewelry processing (gold and silver jewelry blanks), etc., to improve the appearance and performance of the workpiece and prepare for subsequent processes.
Rolling treatment
Principle: Use high-energy-density laser beams to irradiate the surface of materials, and generate photothermal, photochemical and other interactions according to different purposes, such as laser cladding, laser quenching, etc.
Features:
Application scenarios: Play an important role in the mold manufacturing industry (mold surface quenching, repair), mechanical processing field (high-precision shaft, gear parts strengthening) and cultural relics restoration and cleaning field (removal of dirt on the surface of cultural relics, etc.), and improve the performance and status of parts or cultural relics.
Laser surface treatment
Principle: Place the workpiece in an ultrasonic field containing abrasives and chemical solutions, and remove impurities on the workpiece surface and change the surface roughness through the impact, friction and cavitation generated by high-frequency vibration.
Features:
Application scenarios: In the electronic and electrical industry (printed circuit boards), precision machining fields (precision gears, small bearings) and medical device production fields (surgical instruments, implantable medical devices), etc., optimize the surface state of the workpiece to ensure the smooth progress of subsequent processes.
Ultrasonic surface treatment
Principle: Place low-carbon steel or low-carbon alloy steel workpieces in a carbon-rich medium, and allow active carbon atoms to penetrate into the surface of the workpiece at high temperature. After quenching and low-temperature tempering and other heat treatment processes, the surface obtains a high-hardness, high-wear-resistant martensitic structure, and the core maintains a certain toughness and strength.
Features:
Application scenarios: It is widely used in automobile parts manufacturing (transmission gears, rear axle half shafts), mechanical transmission fields (transmission gears, sprockets, shaft parts), and heavy industrial fields such as mining machinery and engineering machinery (crusher gears, travel gears), etc., to improve the wear resistance and fatigue strength of parts and extend their service life.
Carburizing treatment
Principle: Put the workpiece into a nitrogen-containing medium, and make nitrogen atoms penetrate into the surface of the workpiece at a certain temperature to form a nitrogen-rich hardened layer, which contains nitride phase and has many excellent properties.
Features:
Application scenarios: Application in the aerospace industry (aircraft engine turbine blades, combustion chamber parts), mold manufacturing (die casting molds, plastic injection molds) and precision parts in mechanical manufacturing (precision screws, high-precision shaft parts), etc., to improve component performance and ensure work requirements.
Nitriding treatment
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