Orisi ti CNC Machine Tools

11,140 Awọn iwo 2024-09-21 16:53:44

Detailed introduction to the different types of CNC Machine Tools

CNC (Iṣakoso Nọmba Kọmputa) machining refers to a technology that uses a computer control system to operate mechanical processing equipment. Ninu ẹrọ CNC, various types of machining tools can be used according to different machining requirements. The following is a brief introduction to some common CNC machining tool types and their uses:

End mill

End mill is a tool used for metal cutting, mainly used for milling planes, convex surfaces, grooves, steps and keyways, ati be be lo. It is usually made of high-speed steel or carbide and is suitable for CNC machine tools. End mills can produce higher surface quality and processing efficiency during processing.

End mill

Application of end mills in CNC machining

End mills are widely used in CNC machining, mainly including the following aspects:

• Plane milling: used to mill the plane of the workpiece, which can quickly remove a large amount of material to achieve the required shape and size.
• Slot milling: can be used to process various slots, including straight slots, T-slots and U-slots, ati be be lo., and are widely used in the processing of fixtures, molds and mechanical parts.
• Contour milling: can mill complex contours according to design drawings, suitable for the shape processing and cutting of parts.
• Chamfering and section processing: chamfering the edges of the workpiece to remove sharp cutting edges and improve safety and aesthetics.
• Hole processing: although special drills are more commonly used for drilling, end mills can also be used to enlarge existing apertures or process holes of specific shapes.
• Three-dimensional surface milling: suitable for processing three-dimensional surfaces with complex shapes, which can meet the high-precision processing requirements of molds and complex parts.
• Keyway processing: processing keyways on shafts or hubs to install and fix other mechanical parts.

End mills have become an indispensable tool in the machining industry due to their versatility, especially in the production of complex parts and high-precision parts. By properly selecting the diameter, cutting depth and feed speed of the end mill, the machining efficiency and quality can be significantly improved.

Face milling cutter

Face milling cutter is a milling cutter used for machining flat surfaces. It is suitable for plane machining of various metal materials and is widely used in industries such as machinery, awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ, ofurufu, and mold manufacturing. This type of milling cutter usually has better cutting performance and machining efficiency.

Face Mills

How to choose the right face milling cutter?

When choosing the right face milling cutter, you can consider the following aspects:

• Material type: Different materials (bi eleyi aluminiomu, irin, irin ti ko njepata, ati be be lo.) require different types of cutters. Make sure the face milling cutter you choose is suitable for the material you are processing.
• Cutter diameter: Choose the diameter of the cutter according to the size of the machined part. Larger diameter cutters can improve cutting efficiency, but in cases where space is limited, small diameter cutters should be selected for better operation.
• Nọmba ti abe: The number of blades will affect cutting efficiency and surface quality. Multi-blade milling cutters can increase feed rates, but may not be suitable for workpieces with higher rigidity requirements.
• Cutting angles and geometry: Choosing the right geometric features will affect the cutting performance of the tool, including the main cutting edge angle, auxiliary cutting edge angle and cutting edge shape.
• Ọna ṣiṣe: Determine whether it is roughing or finishing. Roughing requires the removal of a large amount of material quickly, while finishing focuses on surface finish.
• Cutting speed and feed rate: Consider the cutting speed and feed rate of the tool to ensure the best processing results while avoiding excessive tool wear.
• Tool material: Common tool materials include high-speed steel (HSS) and cemented carbide (WC). When selecting, the wear resistance and heat treatment characteristics of the tool should be considered.

Ball-end milling cutter

A ball-end milling cutter is a tool with a blade shape similar to a ball head, which is specially designed for processing various curved surfaces and arc grooves on milling machines. This tool can adapt to complex processing requirements due to its unique spherical blade design, such as processing mold steel, irin simẹnti, erogba, irin, irin alloy, tool steel and general iron materials. Ball-end milling cutter, also known as R-cut cutter, belongs to the category of end mills. It can operate normally in high temperature environments and is suitable for mold manufacturing, automotive parts processing and other fields. Because its tool head is spherical, it is named ball-end milling cutter.

Ball Nose Mills

Ball-end milling cutters are usually used to process special shapes such as curved surfaces, chamfers, semicircles, ati be be lo., which can make the surface of the workpiece smooth and high precision. Ball-end milling cutters have different diameters and lengths to choose from to meet different processing requirements. Ni afikun, ball-end milling cutters are widely used in mold manufacturing, ofurufu, ẹrọ iṣelọpọ, medical equipment and other fields, and can achieve high-precision and high-efficiency processing effects. Compared with traditional circular milling cutters, ball-end milling cutters can achieve greater cutting depth at the same feed speed.

What is the main difference between a ball end mill and a flat mill?

1. Tool shape

Ball end mill: The tip of the tool is spherical, suitable for processing complex curved surfaces, arcs and uneven surfaces.

Flat mill: The cutting edge of the tool is straight, usually used for processing planes or edges.

2. Awọn oju iṣẹlẹ ohun elo

Ball end mill: Commonly used in mold manufacturing, konge darí awọn ẹya ara, and fields that require curved surface processing, such as aerospace and automotive industries.

Flat mill: Mainly used for simple processing such as milling planes, chamfers, grooves, ati be be lo.

3. Cutting characteristics

Ball end mill: Can cut in any direction, has strong cutting ability, and is suitable for processing in three-dimensional space.

Flat mill: Generally cuts in the horizontal or vertical direction, and the cutting depth and width are limited by the width of the tool.

4. Tool materials and manufacturing

Ball end mill: Usually made of high-hardness materials such as cemented carbide and ceramics to ensure wear resistance and extend tool life.

Flat mill: Also use similar materials, but for some simpler processing, materials such as high-speed steel can be used.

Chamfering tool

Chamfering tool is a tool used for processing the edge of workpiece, mainly used to chamfer the edge of workpiece to improve the beauty and durability of the workpiece. Chamfering tool is suitable for chamfering of ordinary machined parts, especially for chamfering and deburring of precision and difficult chamfered parts. This tool can be installed on milling machines, liluho ero, awọn ile-iṣẹ ẹrọ, hand drills, chamfering machines and other machine tools, and is used for processing 60-degree, 52-degree, 90-degree, 100-degree, 110-degree and 120-degree chamfers of workpieces and processing of screw countersunk sockets on tapered hole workpieces, and countersinking of die edges. Chamfering tool is also called chamfering device or chamfering drill, which has a wide range of applications, including aviation, military industry, automotive industry oil, gaasi, electric valves, engine cylinders, cylinders, spherical through holes, inner wall holes and other fields.

Chamfer Mills

Characteristics of chamfering cutter

The characteristics of chamfering cutter mainly include convenient clamping, wide application range, high work efficiency, strong batch processing capacity, unique design, convenient maintenance, high processing efficiency and excellent material.

• Convenient clamping: The design of chamfering cutter enables it to adapt to a variety of clamping methods. It can be used in almost all rotary processing equipment and tools, such as drilling machines, milling machines, lathes, awọn ile-iṣẹ ẹrọ, power tools, ati be be lo., without the need for special clamping heads.
• Wide application range: Chamfering cutter is not only suitable for chamfering of ordinary machined parts, but also suitable for chamfering and deburring of precision and difficult chamfered parts. It is widely used in aviation, military industry, automotive industry and other fields.
• High work efficiency: Chamfering cutter can realize fast processing operation due to its own elastic strength. Whether it is manual free operation or automatic timed feeding, it can improve work efficiency.
• Strong batch processing capacity: Chamfering cutter is a professional chamfering tool designed for batch processing environment. It can make the debris generated by processing fall more conveniently during chamfering, and will not cause delays in work efficiency due to tool blockage.
• Unique design: The chamfering cutter adopts a unique integrated design, which makes the blade grindable and can be grinded without unloading, and the maintenance method is convenient.
• Convenient maintenance: Even in places that cannot be reached by any tools or methods, the automatic through-hole chamfering cutter can quickly trim and chamfer both sides of the drilled hole in seconds.
• High processing efficiency: The chamfering cutter has excellent cutting effect and can complete chamfering and surface polishing at the same time, greatly improving processing efficiency.
• Excellent material: The chamfering cutter is made of excellent material and can process various soft or ferrous metals. The improved blade doubles the service life of the tool.

Ni soki, the chamfering cutter plays an important role in the field of mechanical processing due to its unique design and excellent performance. It can meet various complex processing needs and improve production efficiency and product quality.

CNC drill bit

CNC drill bit is a drill bit used for CNC machine tools (CNC), suitable for processing various materials, and widely used in mechanical processing, metal processing, mold manufacturing and other fields. This drill bit usually adopts high-quality materials such as high-speed steel or carbide to ensure its durability and stability in high-precision and high-efficiency processing.

Reamer

A reamer is a rotating tool with one or more teeth that is used to remove a thin layer of metal on the surface of a processed hole, mainly for enlarging or repairing holes. The machining accuracy requirements of reamers are usually higher than that of drills, and they can be operated manually or installed on a drill press. The accuracy grades of reamers include D4, H7, H8, H9, ati be be lo., and are suitable for processing various materials, including steel and cast iron.

Reamers

There are various types of reamers, including hand reamers and machine reamers. Hand reamers usually have straight handles and are suitable for manual operation, while machine reamers are suitable for machine operations and are further subdivided into straight handle machine reamers and tapered handle machine reamers. According to different manufacturing materials, reamers can also be divided into high-speed steel reamers and carbide reamers. The former is generally integral and the latter is usually welded. Reamers have a wide range of applications, including the processing of cylindrical holes, tapered holes, through holes and blind holes, which can significantly improve hole processing accuracy and reduce surface roughness.

What is the cutting principle of a reamer?

The cutting principle of a reamer is mainly based on the interaction between the cutting edge and the workpiece material. Ni pato, it can be summarized as follows:

• Tool structure: A reamer usually has multiple teeth, each of which cuts the material through rotation and feed motion. The design of the reamer enables the cutting process to be carried out at a certain angle, usually conical or cylindrical, for precise processing.
• Cutting force: Lakoko ilana gige, the reamer’s teeth contact the workpiece to generate cutting force. The cutting force is determined by factors such as the mechanical properties of the material, the geometric parameters of the reamer (such as angle, radius, ati be be lo.), and the cutting speed.
• Material removal: When the reamer rotates, the teeth cut into the material and remove small pieces of material (called chips). The formation of chips is achieved through friction and cutting action between the teeth and the workpiece material.
• Precision and finish: The main function of a reamer is to improve the precision and surface finish of the hole. It is usually used for finishing of existing holes in order to achieve the required dimensional accuracy and improve surface quality.
• Cooling and lubrication: Lakoko ilana gige, coolant or lubricant is often needed to reduce cutting temperature and tool wear.

Through these principles, the reamer can effectively process the required internal threads, hole diameters, ati be be lo.

Boring tool

A boring tool is a processing tool, mainly used to enlarge the diameter of a hole or process the shape of a hole in machining. It can usually cut continuously in the same axial direction of the tool, so that the hole on the workpiece can achieve a higher degree of precision and finish. Boring tools are divided into many types, such as ordinary boring tools, hobs, face cutters, ati be be lo. Different types of boring tools are suitable for different processing requirements and workpiece materials.

Boring Bars

Boring Bar Features

Boring bars are cutting tools used for precision machining of internal apertures, and are mainly used on lathes for finishing of large apertures. Here are some of the main features of boring bars:

• Ga konge:Boring bars are designed to achieve high-precision hole machining, which can ensure the dimensional accuracy and roundness of the aperture.
• Rigid Structure:Due to the need to withstand high cutting forces, boring bars usually have high rigidity to reduce vibration and deflection during cutting, thereby ensuring machining quality.
• Adjustable Design:Many boring bars have adjustable blade mounting methods, allowing users to adjust the position of the blade tip according to actual processing needs in order to process holes of different diameters.
• Long Tool Bar:For deep hole machining, boring bars may have very long tool bars, which means that the tool must have good stability to resist bending deformation.
• Blade Material:The blades of boring bars are usually made of carbide or other high-performance materials to ensure the durability and long service life of the tool.
• Cooling and chip removal: A lot of heat is generated during the boring process, so boring tools are often designed with coolant channels to help cool down and take away the cutting heat. Ni akoko kan naa, a reasonable chip removal design is also necessary to prevent chip blockage from affecting processing efficiency.
• Wiwulo lilo: Boring tools are not only used for ordinary lathes, but can also be used on CNC machine tools. They are suitable for processing a variety of materials, bi irin, aluminum and other non-ferrous metals.
• Customization options: According to different processing requirements, boring tools can be customized with different geometric shapes and specifications to adapt to specific application scenarios.
• Iwontunwonsi: For high-speed rotating boring tools, good dynamic balance is very important, which can reduce vibration and improve processing accuracy.

Due to the above characteristics, boring tools are widely used in aerospace, ẹrọ iṣelọpọ, mold processing and other fields. The correct selection and use of boring tools is crucial to improving production efficiency and product quality.

Thread cutting tool

Thread cutting tool is a tool used to process threads, usually made of cemented carbide, which has high hardness and wear resistance. The outer periphery of this type of tool is usually designed with cutting edges to form a thread shape on the surface of the material.

Thread Mills

Thread cutting tool features

Compared with other cutting tools, thread cutting tools have the following significant characteristics:

• Specificity: Thread cutting tools are specifically designed to process threads, which can be internal or external threads, and their geometry and cutting edge design are particularly suitable for producing thread shapes.
• Complex cutting edge shape: Compared with general tools, the cutting edge shape of threading tools is more complex and is usually designed in a spiral shape to adapt to the specific requirements of threads.
• High accuracy requirements: The accuracy and surface quality of threads have a significant impact on mechanical properties, and thread cutting tools need to provide higher processing accuracy.
• Different cutting parameters: Lakoko ilana gige, the parameters such as feed, cutting speed and cutting depth of the thread tool are different from other tools to ensure the quality of the thread.
• Special material selection: Thread cutting tools usually use high-hardness, high-wear-resistant materials, such as carbide or high-speed steel, to withstand large cutting forces and wear.

Heat treatment and coating: In order to cope with the high temperatures generated during thread cutting, many thread cutting tools undergo special heat treatment or coating to improve the life and performance of the tool.

Cut-off Tools

Cut-off Tools, also known as cut-off turning tools or cut-off saws, are tools specifically used for cutting materials and are commonly used in the metalworking industry. Cut-off tools can be used on lathes, grinders, or dedicated cutting machines to cut workpiece materials to the required length. Here are some of the main features of cut-off tools:

Cut-off Tools

Efficient and fast:

Cut-off tools are designed to quickly and accurately complete cutting operations, especially on continuous production lines, where efficient cutting speeds can greatly improve production efficiency.

Strength and hardness:

Cut-off tools need to have sufficient strength and hardness to cope with the stress generated during the cutting process, and carbide or high-speed steel is usually used as tool materials.

Impact resistance:

Lakoko ilana gige, the tool will be subject to the reaction force of the material, so the cut-off tool needs to have good impact resistance to avoid breakage or damage.

Sharp cutting edge:

The cutting edge of the cut-off tool needs to be very sharp to ensure smooth and burr-free cutting, which is also conducive to extending the service life of the tool.

Good heat dissipation performance:

A lot of heat will be generated during the cutting process, so the cut-off tool usually needs to work with a cooling system to reduce the temperature and increase the tool life.

Strong adaptability:

Cut-off knives can be used for processing a variety of materials, including but not limited to steel, bàbà, aluminum and other metal materials.

Diverse designs:

Depending on the different processing requirements, cut-off knives may have different shapes and sizes, such as straight edges, wave edges, ati be be lo., to adapt to different workpiece shapes and materials.

Aabo:

Since the cutting operation involves high-speed rotating tools, safety factors must be considered when designing and using cut-off knives, such as using protective covers to protect operators.

Easy to replace blades:

Many modern cut-off knives are designed with replaceable blades, which can be quickly replaced when the blades are worn without having to replace the entire tool assembly.

Cut-off knives are one of the most important tools in the machining industry, especially when metal bars, paipu, ati be be lo. need to be cut into certain lengths. The correct selection and use of cut-off knives can not only improve work efficiency, but also ensure processing quality and safety.

Selection of different tool materials

Different tools have different characteristics, but when choosing tool materials, one principle should be followed: the hardness of the tool must be higher than the hardness of the workpiece, otherwise the processing process cannot be carried out.

Orisi ti CNC Machine Tools

Selecting the appropriate tool material is crucial to ensuring processing quality and improving production efficiency. Different processing tasks require different tool materials, which depends on the nature of the workpiece material, the processing conditions and the required surface quality. The following are some commonly used tool materials and their applicable occasions:

Irin iyara to gaju (HSS):

High-speed steel is an alloy steel with high hardness and wear resistance, suitable for cutting at medium speeds. It is suitable for low to medium-volume processing tasks, especially when edge resharpening is required.

Carbide:

Carbide is composed of tungsten carbide particles and cobalt binder. It has high hardness and heat resistance and is suitable for high-speed cutting. Carbide tools are widely used in metal cutting, especially when processing stainless steel and other difficult-to-cut materials.

Ceramic:

Ceramic tools have extremely high hardness and thermal stability, suitable for dry cutting or high-speed cutting, especially for processing hard materials such as cast iron, steel and nickel-based alloys. Sibẹsibẹ, ceramic tools are brittle and are not suitable for intermittent cutting or vibration-prone processing environments.

Cubic boron nitride (CBN):

CBN is a material with a hardness second only to diamond. It has excellent wear resistance and heat resistance and is suitable for high-speed cutting of hard materials such as hardened steel, cast iron and super alloys. It is often used in applications where a sharp edge needs to be maintained for a long time.

Diamond:

Natural or artificial diamond is the hardest material known to date and is suitable for precision cutting of non-ferrous metals (bi aluminiomu alloys, idẹ, ati be be lo.) and non-metallic materials (bi awọn pilasitik, igi, gilasi, ati be be lo.). Diamond tools are not suitable for iron materials because they react with these materials at high temperatures.

Coated tools:

Coating technology is to coat one or more layers of thin films such as TiN (titanium nitride), TiCN (titanium carbonitride), Al₂O₃ (aluminum oxide), ati be be lo. on the tool substrate to improve the hardness, wear resistance and heat resistance of the tool. Coated tools are suitable for a wide range of cutting applications, especially when tool life needs to be improved.

When selecting tool materials, it is also necessary to consider factors such as cutting conditions (such as cutting speed, kikọ sii oṣuwọn, ijinle gige), workpiece material properties (bii lile, lile), and processing requirements (such as surface roughness, dimensional accuracy). The correct choice of tool materials can significantly improve processing efficiency, reduce downtime and reduce costs.