I-Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel

1541 Ukubuka 2025-05-09 15:34:51

-Zwayo i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali izici, izinzuzo, kanye nokulinganiselwa kwelinye kubaluleke kakhulu kunjiniyela, abaqambi, abakhiqiyo, futhi noma ngubani obandakanyeke ekukhetheni kwezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ukukhetha uhlobo lwensimbi efanele kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwephrojekthi, ukuphila isikhathi eside, izindleko, nokuphepha.

Lo mhlahlandlela ocacile uzokwehla ngokujulile ekuqhathaniseni i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali, Ukunikeza ukuqonda okuphelele ukukunikeza amandla okwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi.

1. Ukuqalisa

I-Steel inikeza ukuguquguquka ngoba izinto ezenziwayo kanye nokwelashwa okushisa kungayivumelanisa nezakhiwo ezithile.

Lokhu kuvumelana kuholele emndenini ohlukahlukene wama-steel, ngakunye okulungele izindawo ezihlukile nezingcindezi.

Phakathi kwalokhu, umehluko phakathi kwensimbi ye-carbon kanye nensimbi engenasici kungenye yokucatshangelwa okujwayelekile kwe-ENGERENT.

1.1 Ukubaluleka kwekhabhoni yensimbi vs ukuqhathanisa insimbi engagqwali

Ukukhetha phakathi i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali akuyona nje umsebenzi wokufunda.

Inomthelela omkhulu ongokoqobo.

Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zensimbi zinikeza amaphrofayili okusebenza ahlukene kakhulu, ikakhulukazi maqondana:

• Ukumelana Nokugqwala: Lokhu kuvame ukuba ngumehluko oyinhloko, Ngensimbi engenasici kukhombisa ukumelana okuphezulu kokugqwala nezinye izindlela zokugqwala.
• Izakhiwo Zemishini: Amandla, ubulukhuni, ubulukhuni, futhi i-couctility ingahluka kakhulu.
• Izindleko: I-Carbon I-Carbon ngokuvamile ibiza kakhulu phezulu, Kepha insimbi engagqwali inganikeza inani elingcono lesikhathi eside ngenxa yokuqina kwalo.
• Aesthetics: Insimbi engenasici ivame ukukhethwa ihlanzekile yayo, Ukubukeka Kwamanje.
• Ukuboniswa kanye nokukhononda: Umehluko ekubusweni uthinteka ukuthi le nsimbi ingasikwa kanjani kalula, kwakheka, futhi ezishiselwe.

Ukwenza ukukhetha okungafanele kungaholela ekuhlulekeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwezakhi, Izindleko zokulungiswa kwanyusiwe, Izingozi Zokuphepha, noma umkhiqizo obizayo ngokungadingekile.

Ngakho-ke, Ukuqonda okugcwele kwe-Carbon Steel VS vs Impikiswano Engagqwali yensimbi ibalulekile ekwakheni ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo nganoma yisiphi isicelo, Kusuka ku-cutlery nsuku zonke kanye nemishayo yokwakha kuya ezingxenyeni eziphakeme ze-aerospace kanye nezimila zezokwelapha.

2. Imiqondo eyisisekelo nezigaba

Ukuqhathanisa ngempumelelo i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali, Kumele siqale sisungule ukuqonda okucacile kwalokho okuchaza impahla ngayinye, izingoma zabo eziyisisekelo, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwabo okuyisisekelo.

2.1 Insimbi Yekhabhoni

Abaningi babheka ngensimbi yekhabhoni esetshenziswa kakhulu yobunjiniyela bobunjiniyela ngoba inikeza izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini ngezindleko eziphansi.

Isici sayo esichazayo ukuthembela kukhabhoni njengento eyinhloko yokuqalisa ithonya izakhiwo zayo.

Incazelo:

I-Carbon Steel yi-alloy yensimbi nekhabhoni, lapho ikhabhoni iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ye-interterial alteriting ethuthukisa amandla nobulukhuni bensimbi emsulwa. Ezinye izinto ezenziwayo zivame ukwethula ngamanani amancane, Imvamisa njengensalela kusuka kwinqubo yensimbi noma kungezwe ngamabomu kumanani amancane ukucwilisa izakhiwo, Kepha aziguquli kakhulu umlingiswa wayo osisekelo njengensimbi yekhabhoni.

Ukwakheka:

I-American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Chaza insimbi yekhabhoni njengensimbi lapho:

1. Amazinga awadingi okuqukethwe okuncane kwe-chromium, i-cobalt, ikholamumu (i-niobium), i-molybdenum, i-nickel, titanium, i-tungsten, vanadium, i-zirconium, noma enye into engezwe umphumela othize we-alloy.
2. Ubuncane obucacisiwe bethusi abungeqi 0.40 okuthontela imisebenzi.
3. Noma okuqukethwe okuphezulu okucaciselwe noma yiziphi zalezi zinto ezilandelayo akweqi amaphesenti aphawulwe: manganese 1.65, i-silicon 0.60, ithusi 0.60.

Into esemqoka yile ikhabhoni (C), Ngokuqukethwe okujwayelekile okusukela kumanani alandelwayo aze afike kuwo 2.11% ngesisindo.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, I-alloy ngokuvamile ihlukaniswa njenge-iron iron.

• IManganese (UMn): Imvamisa ikhona 1.65%. Inikela emandleni nobulukhuni, isebenza njenge-deoxidizer ne-desulfurizer, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza okushisayo.
• I-silicon (Futhi): Imvamisa kuze kube 0.60%. Isebenza njenge-deoxidizer futhi kancane inyusa amandla.
• Isibabule (S) ne-phosphorus (P): Lokhu ngokuvamile kubhekwa ukungcola. Isibabule singadala ubucwebe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (ukufushane okushisayo), Ngenkathi i-phosphorus ingadala ubucwebe emazingeni okushisa aphansi (ukufushane okubandayo). Amazinga abo avame ukugcinwa phansi (isib., <0.05%).

Izinhlobo zensimbi yekhabhoni:

I-Carbon Steel ngokuyinhloko ihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe kokuqukethwe kwabo kwekhabhoni, Njengoba lokhu kunethonya elibaluleke kakhulu ezakhiweni zazo zemishini:

1. Insimbi Yekhabhoni Ephansi (Insimbi Emaphakathi):
   • Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni: Imvamisa iqukethe 0.25% - 0.30% ikhabhoni (isib., AISI 1005 ku 1025).
   • Izakhiwo: Ithambile, i-ductile, futhi kusetshenziswe kalula, kwakheka, futhi ezishiselwe. Amandla aphansi aphansi aqhathaniswa namatshe aphezulu e-carbon. Uhlobo olubizayo olubizayo.
   • Ukufongiwa: Ikakhulukazi uFerrite nge-pearlite ethile.
   • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Amaphaneli omzimba wezimoto, ubujamo besakhiwo (I-imishayo, iziteshi), amapayipi, Izingxenye zokwakha, Amathini wokudla, kanye nomsebenzi wensimbi ojwayelekile.
2. Medium-Carbon Steel:
   • Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni: Imvamisa kusuka 0.25% - 0.30% ku 0.55% - 0.60% ikhabhoni (isib., AISI 1030 ku 1055).
   • Izakhiwo: Inikeza ibhalansi enhle yamandla, ubulukhuni, ubulukhuni, kanye ne-dectices. Ukusabela ekuvuthweni kokushisa (ukuphefumula nokuphefumula) ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini. Kunzima ukwakheka, weld, futhi usike kunensimbi ephansi yekhabhoni.
   • Ukufongiwa: Ukwanda kwengxenye yeparele ngokuqhathaniswa nensimbi ephansi yekhabhoni.
   • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Amagiya, imiphini, ama-ekseli, ama-crankshafts, ukuhlangana, amathrekhi wesitimela, izingxenye zemishini, futhi izakhi ezidinga amandla aphezulu kanye nokuvimbela ukumelana.
3. Insimbi Ephezulu Yekhabhoni (Insimbi ye-Carbon):
   • Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni: Imvamisa kusuka 0.55% - 0.60% ku 1.00% - 1.50% ikhabhoni (isib., AISI 1060 ku 1095). Ezinye izigaba zingandiswa lokhu ku-2.1%.
   • Izakhiwo: Kunzima kakhulu, eqinile, futhi unakho ukumelana okuhle kokuvikeleka ngemuva kokwelashwa okushisa. Nokho, ayincane futhi ayiqinile (gttle ngaphezulu) kunama-carbon sten aphansi. Kunzima ngokwengeziwe ukushelela kanye nomshini.
   • Ukufongiwa: Ikakhulukazi pearlite kanye nekhamera.
   • Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Amathuluzi okusika (ama-chisels, izivivinyo), iziphethu, izintambo ezinamandla aphezulu, punches, uyafa, kanye nezicelo lapho ubunzima obukhulu nokuvimbela ukugqoka kuyizidingo eziyinhloko.
4. I-ultra-high-carbonnsimbi:
   • Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni: Cishe 1.25% ku 2.0% ikhabhoni.
   • Izakhiwo: Ingashukunyiswa ubulukhuni obukhulu. Isetshenziselwe ukubonwa, izinhloso ezingezona zezimboni ezinjengemimese, ama-ekseli, noma ama-punches.

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kususelwa kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kubalulekile ekuqondeni i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali ukufanisa, Njengoba ibeka izakhiwo eziyisisekelo zensimbi yekhabhoni.

2.2 Insimbi engagqwali

Insimbi engenasici ivelele kusuka ku-stenline ye-carbon eningi ngokumelana kwayo okuhlukile kokugqwala.

Lesi sici sivela ekwakhiweni kwaso okuqondile.

Incazelo:

Insimbi engagqwali yi-alloy yensimbi equkethe ubuncane 10.5% i-chromium (Cr) ngobuningi.

I-chromium yakha i-passive, Ungqimba olungiselela oxide ngaphezulu kwensimbi, okuvikela ekugcekeni nasekuhlolweni.

Yilokhu okuqukethwe kwe-chromium ngokuyinhloko kuhlukanisa insimbi engagqwali kwamanye ama-steel.

Ukwakheka:

Ngaphandle kwensimbi kanye ne-chromium echazayo, ama-stainless ama-stainle aqukethe ezinye izinto ezahlukahlukene zokuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezithile ezifana nokwakheka, amandla, kanye nokuphikiswa kokugqwala ezindaweni ezithile.

• I-Chromium (Cr): Into ebalulekile, okuncane nje okufanele 10.5%. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium ngokuvamile kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala.
• I-Nickel (Ku): Kuvame ukungezwa ukuqinisa isakhiwo se-auntenitic (Bona izinhlobo ngezansi), ethuthukisa ukulahleka, ubulukhuni, kanye nokushisela. Futhi kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala ezindaweni ezithile.
• I-Molybdenum (Mo): Kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala okukhohlisayo kanye ne-crevice, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziqukethe i-chloride (Njengamanzi olwandle). Futhi kwandisa amandla emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.
• IManganese (UMn): Ingasetshenziswa njenge-aucenite stabilizer (esikhundleni sazisici ama-nickel kwamanye amabanga) futhi ithuthukise amandla nokusebenza okushisayo.
• I-silicon (Futhi): Isebenza njenge-deoxidizer futhi ithuthukisa ukumelana ne-oxidation emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
• Ikhabhoni (C): Ekhona ngensimbi engenasici, Kepha okuqukethwe kwayo kuvame ukulawulwa ngokucophelela. Kumabanga we-autenitic nawamafutha, Ikhabhoni ephansi ngokuvamile incanyelwa ukuvikela ukuzwela (i-chromium carbide yezulu, kunciphisa ukumelana nokugqwala). Emakishini amamaki, Kudingeka i-carbon ephakeme ngobulukhuni.
• I-nitrogen (N): Kwandisa amandla nokuphikisana nokukhohlakala kokuconsa, futhi uzinze isakhiwo se-autenitic.
• Ezinye izakhi: I-Titanium (Kwe), Niobium (Nb), Ithusi (Cu), Isibabule (S) (Ngokusebenziseka okuthuthukile kwamanye amabanga), USelenium (Ne-), I-Aluminium (Al), njll., ingangezwa ngezinhloso ezithile.

Izinhlobo zensimbi engenasici:

Ama-stainless ahlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko ngokususelwa ku-metlurgical misciestruction, okunqunywa ngukwakheka kwamakhemikhali (ikakhulukazi i-chromium, i-nickel, nokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni):

Ama-autenitic steressnsimbi:

Phezulu ku-chromium ne-nickel, Ukunikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala, ukwakheka, kanye nokushisela.

Esetshenziswa kakhulu ekusebenzeni kokudla, imishini yezokwelapha, kanye nezicelo zezakhiwo. Akukulingwe ngokwelashwa ngokushisa.

Ama-Ferritic Steel Agnainless:

Aqukethe i-chromium ephezulu nge-nickel encane noma engenayo. Okungabizi kakhulu, kazibuthe, kanye nokungamelana nokugqwala okulinganiselwe.

Imvamisa esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuphelelwa yimoto kanye nemishini yasendlini. Hhayi ukushisa kwelashwa ngokuqina.

Ama-Sternsitic Insimbi Engagqwali:

Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-carbon kuvumela ukuqina ngokwelashwa kokushisa. Eyaziwa ngobulukhuni obuphezulu namandla.

Isetshenziswe emivelweni, ama-valve, nezingxenye zemishini.

Ama-duplex ama-stempless:

Hlanganisa izakhiwo ze-auntenitic nezezimali, ukuhlinzeka ngamandla aphezulu nokuphikiswa okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala.

Ilungele izindawo ezifunwayo njenge-marine, ukucubungula kwamakhemikhali, nezinhlelo zepayipi.

I-Treapitation-Harding (PH) Izinsimbi Ezingagqwali:

Ingafinyelela amandla aphezulu kakhulu ngokushisa kokushisa ngenkathi igcina ukumelana kahle nokugqwala.

Okujwayelekile e-aerospace kanye nezinto ezinamandla ezisebenza ngamanzi.

Ukuqonda lezi zihlukaniso eziyisisekelo kubalulekile ukuze ukwazisa ama-nuances ku- i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali ukufanisa.

Ukuba khona okungenani 10.5% I-Chromium ngensimbi engenasici iyitshe legumbi elichazayo isimilo: ukumelana nokugqwala.

3. Ukuhlaziywa kokungafani kokusebenza okuyisisekelo: I-Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel

Isinqumo sokusebenzisa i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali kuvame ukuhingezwa ngokuqhathaniswa okuningiliziwe kwezimpawu zokusebenza kwazo ezibalulekile.

Ngenkathi bobabili bangama-alloys asuselwa kwinsimbi, Izingoma zazo ezihlukile ziholela ekuhlukahlukani okukhulu endleleni abaziphatha ngayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene.

3.1 Ukumelana Nokugqwala

Lokhu kungukuthi umehluko omkhulu kakhulu futhi owaziwa kakhulu ku i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali phikisa.

Insimbi Yekhabhoni:

I-Carbon Steel inokuphikiswa kabi kokugqwala.

Lapho kuvezwa umswakama nomoya-mpilo, i-iron e-carbon steel i-oxidizes ukwakha i-iron oxide, eyaziwa njengokugqwala.

Le nhlangano yokugqwala imvamisa i-porous futhi i-flaky, Ukunikeza Ukuvikelwa Kwensimbi Engaphansi, ukuvumela ukugqwala kuqhubeke, Okungaba khona okuholela ekuhlulekeni okuhlelekile.

Izinga lokugqwala lincike ezicini zezemvelo ezifana nomswakama, izinga lokushisa, ukuba khona kukasawoti (isib., ezindaweni ezisogwini noma usawoti we-de-icing), kanye nokungcola (isib., Amakhompiyutha we-Sulfur).

Ukuvikela noma ukwehlisa ukugcwala, I-Carbon Insimbi Cishe ihlala idinga ukuhlanganiswa okuvikelayo (isib., penda, gleganing, indawo ebhekene) noma ezinye izindlela zokulawula ukubhuka (isib., Ukuvikelwa kweCathodic).

 

Insimbi engagqwali:

Insimbi engagqwali, Ngenxa yobuncane bayo 10.5% okuqukethwe kwe-chromium, kukhombisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala.

I-Chromium iphendula ngo-oksijini emvelweni ukwakha omncane kakhulu, -enatious, obala, kanye nokulungiselela ungqimba lwe-chromium oxide (Ikrizo₃) ebusweni.

Lokhu kungqimba kuphela kusebenza njengesithiyo, Ukuvimbela ezinye i-oxidation kanye nokugqwala kwensimbi engaphansi.

Uma ingaphezulu liklwebekile noma lilimele, I-chromium ishelela ngokushesha nge-oksijini yokuguqula le ungqimba lokuvikela, into evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukuzilapha."

Izinga lokumelana nokugqwala ngensimbi engenasici liyahlukahluka ngokuya ngokwakheka kwe-alloy ethile:

• Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium ngokuvamile kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala.
• I-nickel ithuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala okujwayelekile kanye nokumelana nama-acid athile.
• UMolybdenum uthuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokukhonkotha okukhohlisayo nokukhohlisa kwe-crevice, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinothe nge-chloride.

Ama-autenitic steressnsimbi (thanda 304 futhi 316) ngokuvamile zinikeza ukumelana okungcono kakhulu kokugqwala.

Amabanga we-Ferritic nawo anikela ngokumelana okuhle, Ngenkathi amamaki eMartinsitic, Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwabo okuphezulu kwe-carbon kanye ne-miskructure ehlukile, ngokuvamile amelana nokugqwayiza okungaphansi kwama-auntenitics noma ama-ferritics anamazinga afanayo we-chromium.

Ama-Druplex Ama-Steress anikela ngokumelana kahle nezindlela ezithile zokugqwala njengokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezelo.

Isifinyezo sokumelana nokugqwala: Ku i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali ukufanisa, insimbi engagqwali ingumnqobi ocacile wokumelana nokugqwala okuvela endalweni.

3.2 Ubulukhuni futhi ugqoke ukumelana

Ubulukhuni bokumelana nokwenziwa kwepulasitiki okwenziwe ngendawo, njengokubhaliwe noma ukuklwebheka.

Ukumelana nokugqoka kungamandla alo ukumelana nomonakalo nokulahleka kwezinto ezibonakalayo ngenxa yokushayisana, ukuhuzuka, noma ukuguguleka.

Insimbi Yekhabhoni:

Ubulukhuni kanye nokuvimbela ukumelana kwensimbi yekhabhoni kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko okuqukethwe kwalo kwekhabhoni kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa.

• Ama-Steel Bron-Carbon athambile athambile futhi anokuvimbela kabi.
• Ama-Steel Bron-Carbon angafinyelela ubulukhuni obulinganiselayo futhi agqoke ukumelana, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa.
• Ama-steelbon e-carbon angaba ephethwe ukushisa (icinyiwe futhi yathukuthela) Ukufinyelela amazinga aphezulu kakhulu wobulukhuni kanye nokumelana kahle kokugqoka, ibenze balungele amathuluzi okusika futhi bagqoke izingxenye. Ukuba khona kwe-carbides (njenge-iron carbide, Feuc noma uKensite) Ngokweqile kwe-microssmcution kakhulu ukugqoka ukumelana.

Insimbi engagqwali:

Ubulukhuni kanye nokuvimbela ukumelana kwensimbi engenasici kuyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene:

• Ama-autenitic steressnsimbi (isib., 304, 316) zithambekela kancane esimweni sazo esiveziwe kodwa zingaqiniswa kakhulu ngokusebenza kubanda (string harning). Ngokuvamile banokuvimbela okulinganiselayo kodwa bangahlushwa ukugadla (uhlobo lokugqoka olubangelwa ukunamathela phakathi kwezindawo ezishelelayo) ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu ngaphandle kokuthambisa.
• Ama-ferritic angenasici athambile futhi akulungele ukwelashwa kokushisa. Ukumelana kwabo kokugqoka ngokuvamile kulinganiselwe.
• Ama-Sternsitic Insimbi Engagqwali (isib., 410, 420, 440C) ziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuthi zilukhuni ukwelashwa kokushisa. Bangafinyelela amazinga aphezulu kakhulu kanzima (kuqhathaniswa noma ngisho nangaphezulu kwensimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni) Futhi khombisa ukumelana okuhle kokugqoka, ikakhulukazi amamaki anekhabhoni ephakeme kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-chromium okwakha i-hard chromium carbides.
• Ama-nsimbi angenacala angenacala ngokuvamile anobunzima obuphakeme kanye nokuvimbela okungcono kune-autenitic amamaki ngenxa yamandla abo aphezulu.
• I-Treapitation-Harding (PH) Ama-steres angenasici angakwazi futhi ukufezekisa ubulukhuni obuphakeme kakhulu nokumelana okuhle kokugqoka ngemuva kokulashwa okufanelekile.

Isifinyezo Sobulukhuni Nokugqoka Ukuvimbela:

Uma uqhathanisa i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali kwalezi zindawo:

• I-Heat-Heat-carbon Carbon and Sterity Steritic Sterens Sterensing Sterens ingafinyelela amazinga aphezulu kakhulu wobulukhuni kanye nokugqoka.
• Ama-auntenitic ne-Ferritic ama-stainless angenazinsimbi athambile futhi anokuvimbela okuphansi okuphansi kunama-carbon steel noma ama-martensitic steress, Ngaphandle kokuthi kusebenze kakhulu ukubanda (auntenitic).

3.3 Ubunzima kanye nokumelana nomthelela

Ubulukhuni yikhono lezinto ezibonakalayo zokudonsa amandla nokukhubazeka ngokwesisekelo ngaphambi kokuqhekeka. Ukumelana nomthelela kubhekisele ngqo emandleni alo okumelana nokuzenzela okungazelelwe, Ukulayisha okuphezulu (umthelela).

Insimbi Yekhabhoni:

Ubunzima bensimbi yekhabhoni buhlobene kakhulu nokuqukethwe kwalo kwekhabhoni nobulukhuni.

• I-Low-Carbon Steel ngokuvamile inzima kakhulu futhi i-ductile, kukhombisa ukumelana nomthelela omuhle, Ikakhulu egumbini kanye namazinga okushisa aphakeme. Nokho, Bangaba yi-brittle emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu (Ukushisa kwenguquko kwe-Ductile-to-brittle, I-DBTT).
• Ama-Medy-Carbon Steel anikeza ukulingana okunengqondo kwamandla nokuqina.
• Ama-Steel Bronth Carbon, ikakhulukazi lapho nzima, babe nobunzima obuphansi futhi bangamampunge kakhudlwana, okusho ukuthi banokumelana nomthelela ophansi.

Ukwelashwa kokushisa (Njengokugunda ngemuva kokucima) kubalulekile ukwenza kahle ubulukhuni bensimbi ephakathi ne-carbon.

Insimbi engagqwali:

Ubunzima buyehluka kakhulu ngohlobo lwensimbi engenacala:

• Ama-autenitic steressnsimbi (isib., 304, 316) Khombisa ubulukhuni obuhle nokumelana nomthelela, ngisho phansi emazingeni okushisa ama-cryogenic. Ababonisi ngokujwayelekile inguquko ye-ructile-to-brittle. Lokhu kubenza balungele izinhlelo zokushisa okuphansi.
• Ama-werritic ama-stainless ajwayele ukuba nobunzima obuphansi kune-auntenitics, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni ezinzima noma emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Bangakhombisa i-DBTT. Amanye amamaki athambekele ku- "475 ° C amprittlement" ngemuva kokuchayeka isikhathi eside kumazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo.
• Ama-Sternsitic Insimbi Engagqwali, Lapho lukhuni amazinga aphezulu wamandla, zivame ukuba nokuqina okuphansi futhi kungaba brittle impela uma kungatholwa kahle. Ukufutheka kuthuthukisa ubulukhuni kepha kuvame ukuba yizindleko zobulukhuni obuthile.
• Ama-Druplex Ama-Steress ajwayele ukunikela ngobunzima obuhle, Imvamisa iphakeme kunamabanga alungile futhi angcono kunamabanga artinsitic ngamazinga wamandla afanayo, yize engajwayelekile njengamamaki we-auntenitic emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu.
• Ama-PH angenasici angafinyelela ubutha obuhle kanye namandla aphezulu, Kuya ngokwelashwa okuthile kokuguga.

Isifinyezo sokuqina nokumelana nomthelela:

Ku i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali ingqikithi:

• Ama-autenitic ama-stainless ajwayele ukunikela ngenhlanganisela enhle kakhulu yokuqina nokumelana nomthelela, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
• Ama-Steel Bron-Carbon nawo anzima kakhulu kepha angakhawulelwa yi-DBTT yawo.
• Ama-Steel Brobhonasi aphezulu futhi ama-Sterenned artititic steanless steanless steanless zivame ukuba nobulukhuni obuphansi.

3.4 Amandla ashukumisayo kanye nokugcwala

Amandla aqinile (Amandla Okuqina Okugcina, I-UTS) ukucindezela okukhulu okubonakalayo kungakwazi ukumelana ngenkathi kunwetshwa noma kudonswe ngaphambi kogwadule.

I-Elengation iyisilinganiso se-fortility, emelela ukuthi kungakanani okubonakalayo kungashintshana ngobuningi ngaphambi kokuqhekeka.

Insimbi Yekhabhoni:

• Amandla Okuqina: Inyuka ngokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni nangokwelashwa kokushisa (Ngensimbi ephakathi nephakeme yekhabhoni).
  • Insimbi ephansi yekhabhoni: ~ 400-550 MPA (58-80 ksi)
  • I-Medium-Carbon Steel (-bothalekiwe): ~ 550-700 MPA (80-102 ksi); (Ukuphathwa ukushisa): ingaba ngaphezulu kakhulu, kuya ku 1000+ I-MPa.
  • Insimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni (Ukuphathwa ukushisa): Ingadlula 1500-2000 I-MPa (217-290 ksi) Kumabanga athile nokwelashwa.
• Ukwelula: Ngokuvamile kuyancipha njengokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni nokunyuka kwamandla. Ama-robon ama-carbon ahle kakhulu (isib., 25-30% elongation), Ngenkathi ama-ston arvin carbon ane-high-carbon ane-elongation ephansi kakhulu (<10%).

Insimbi engagqwali:

• Amandla Okuqina:
  • I-Austenitic (isib., 304 -bothalekiwe): ~ 515-620 MPA (75-90 ksi). Ingakhuphuka kakhulu ngokusebenza kubandayo (isib., ngaphezulu 1000 I-MPa).
  • I-Ferritic (isib., 430 -bothalekiwe): ~ 450-520 MPA (65-75 ksi).
  • I-Martensitic (isib., 410 Ukuphathwa ukushisa): Ingahluka kusuka ku- ~ 500 MPA iye ngaphezulu 1300 I-MPa (73-190 ksi) Kuya ngokwelashwa okushisa. 440C ingaba ngaphezulu kakhulu.
  • I-Duplex (isib., 2205): ~ 620-800 MPA (90-116 ksi) noma ngaphezulu.
  • Steel (isib., 17-4PH Heat-Hered): Ungathola amandla aphezulu kakhulu, isib., 930-1310 I-MPa (135-190 ksi).
• Ukwelula:
  • I-Austenitic: Ukunwebeka okuhle kakhulu esimweni esiveziwe (isib., 40-60%), kwehla ngomsebenzi obandayo.
  • I-Ferritic: Ukunwebeka okulinganiselayo (isib., 20-30%).
  • I-Martensitic: Ukugcwala okuphansi, Ikakhulu uma lukhuni emazingeni aphezulu wamandla (isib., 10-20%).
  • I-Duplex: Ukunwebeka okuhle (isib., 25% noma ngaphezulu).

Isifinyezo Semandla E-Tensiele kanye Encation:

I i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali Ukuqhathanisa kukhombisa uhla olubanzi kubo bobabili:

• Yomibili le mindeni ingafinyelela amandla aphezulu kakhulu wokuqina ngokuqalisa nokushisa kokwelashwa (Ama-Steel Bronbon kanye ne-Martensitic / Ph ama-Steress angenasici).
• Ama-Steel Brobhonasi aphansi kanye nama-autelitic auntenitic steanless ama-autelitic anikezela ngekhompiyutha enhle kakhulu (elongation).
• Izinhlobo zamandla aphezulu zombili zivame ukuba nekhompiyutha ephansi.

3.5 Ukubukeka nokuphathwa komhlaba

Ama-aesthetics kanye nokuqedwa komhlaba kuvame ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile, ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo yabathengi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zokwakha.

Insimbi Yekhabhoni:

I-Carbon Steel ngokujwayelekile inethambekele, ukubukeka okumpunga kwempunga esimweni sayo esiluhlaza. Kuthambekele ekutholeni i-oxidation (-thoting) Uma kushiywe kungavikelekile, okuyinto engathandeki kahle yezinhlelo eziningi.
Ukwelapha Okungaphezulu: Ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka nokuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kokugqwala, I-Carbon Insimbi icishe yaphathwa njalo. Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kufaka phakathi:

• Ukupenda: Uhla olubanzi lwemibala nokuqeda.
• Umbala onamakhanda: Ukuqeda okuhlala isikhathi eside nokuhehayo.
• I-galvanizing: Coating ne-zinc yokuvikelwa kokugqwala (kuphumela ekubukeni okumpunga noma kwe-matte grey).
• Indawo ebhekene: Ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izinsimbi ezifana ne-chromium (Ukuhlobisa Chrome), i-nickel, noma i-cadmium yokubukeka nokuvikelwa.
• I-Bluing noma i-Oxide Coating Coating: Izigqoko zokuguqula amakhemikhali ezinikeza ukumelana nokuqina kokugqwala nokubukeka okumnyama, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa amathuluzi nezibhamu.

Insimbi engagqwali:

Insimbi engagqwali idume ngokukhanga kwayo, -gqamile, nokubukeka kwanamuhla. Isendlalelo se-chromium oxide sonotaparent, ukuvumela i-luster yensimbi ukukhombisa.
Imiphetho ebunjiwe: Insimbi engagqwali ingahlinzekwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zama-mill aqediwe noma aqhutshelwa ngaphezulu ukuze afinyelele imiphumela ethile yobuhle:

• Isigayo siyaphela (isib., Cha. 1, 2B, 2D): Ziyehluka kusuka ku-tull kuya ku-moderely ukukhombisa. 2B Ingabe Ukuqedwa Okujwayelekile Okumahhala Okumandla.
• Ukuqeda okubunjiwe (isib., Cha. 4, Cha. 8 Isibuko): Ingahluka kusuka ekubukeni kwe-satin ehlanganisiwe (Cha. 4) esiqwini esibonisa isibuko (Cha. 8). Lokhu kutholakala nge-abrasion emishini.
• Ukuqedwa okubhaliwe: Amaphethini angafakwa noma angeniswe ebusweni ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa noma ezisebenzayo (isib., ukwakheka okungcono, kuncishisiwe glare).
• Insimbi Engagqwali Engagqwali: Kufinyelelwe ngezinqubo zamakhemikhali noma ze-electrochemical eziguqula ubukhulu bengqimba yezenziso, ukudala imibala yokuphazamiseka, noma nge-PVD (Isimo se-Vapor Ebonakalayo) ezinengilazi.

Insimbi engenasici ngokuvamile ayidingi ukupenda noma ukunamathela ekuvikelweni kokugqwala, Okungaba yinzuzo ebalulekile yokulungisa isikhathi eside yokugcina. Ukuqedwa kwalo okungokwemvelo kuvame ukuba yisizathu esibalulekile sokukhethwa kwayo.

Isifinyezo sokubukeka kanye nokwelashwa komhlaba:

Ku i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali qhathanisa ukubukeka:

• Insimbi engenasici inikeza ukuphela okukhangayo ngokwemvelo nokugqwala okungathuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe.
• I-Carbon yensimbi idinga ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kwazo zombili izibulala-aesthetics nokuvikelwa kokugqwala.

4. Ukuqhathaniswa kokuphikiswa kokugqwala: I-Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel (Ukujula)

Umehluko ekumelaneni nokugqwala okubaluleke kakhulu ku i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali Isinqumo sokuthi kuvumela ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe.

4.1 Indlela eyisisekelo yokukhulisa

Ukugqwala kungukubhujiswa kancane kancane kwezinto zokwakha (imvamisa izinsimbi) ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali noma nge-electrochemical ngemvelo yabo.

Okwe-alloys esekwe ngensimbi efana nensimbi, Ifomu elivame kakhulu ukugqwala.

• Ukugqwala kwensimbi yekhabhoni (-Thoting):
  Lapho i-carbon yensimbi ivezwa imvelo equkethe i-oksijini kanye nomswakama (Ngisho nomswakama emoyeni), Iseli le-electrochemical lakhiwa ebusweni bayo.
  1. Ukuphendula kwe-Anodic: Insimbi (Fe) Ama-athomu alahlekelwe ama-elektroni (khiya) Ukuze ube yi-Iron Ions (Isigwebo):
     FE → FEKO + 2⁻
  2. Ukusabela ka-Cathodic: Umoya ohlanzekile (Okoneni) namanzi (H₂o) phezu kobuso bamukele lawa ma-elektroni (nciphisa):
     Okoneni + 2H₂o + 4e → 4oh (ezimweni ezingathathi hlangothi noma ze-alkali)
     noma o₂ + 4H⁺ + 4⁻ → 2h₂o (Ezimweni ze-acidic)
  3. Ukwakheka kokugqwala: I-ion ion (Isigwebo) bese usabela nge-hydroxide ion (Oh⁻) Futhi ngokuqhubekayo nge-oksijini ukwakha ama-oxide ahlukahlukene we-iron, behlangene njengokugqwala. Ifomu elijwayelekile yi-Ferric hydroxide, Fe(H -H)₃, okungamaphethelo aze adonswa ngoFe₂o₃ · nh₂o.
     Isigwebo + 2OH⁻ → FE(H -H)₂ (I-Ferrous Hydroxide)
     4Fe(H -H)₂ + Okoneni + 2Huit → 4fe(H -H)₃ (I-Ferric hydroxide - ukugqwala)
     Ungqimba lokugqwala olwakhiwe ngensimbi yekhabhoni ngokujwayelekile:

• -Opoloningi: Ivumela umswakama nomoya-mpilo ukungena kwinsimbi engaphansi.
• Okunganamatheli / flaky: Kungavela kalula, kudalula insimbi entsha ukuze uqhubeke nokugqwala.
• -Phathelene nesitha: Ukugqwala kuthatha inani elikhudlwana kunensimbi yasekuqaleni, okungadala ukucindezela nomonakalo ezinhlakeni ezicindezelwe.

Ngakho, Ukugqwala e-Carbon Steel kuyinqubo yokusabalalisa ngaphandle kokuthi insimbi ivikelwe.

4.2 Izindlela zokulwa nokugqwala zensimbi yekhabhoni

Ngenxa yokwethuka kwayo ukugcwala, I-Carbon Insimbi Cishe idinga njalo izinyathelo zokuvikela lapho isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinomswakama nomoya-mpilo.

Amasu ajwayelekile afaka:

1. Ukumboza izimbotshana: Ukwakha umgoqo ongokomzimba phakathi kwensimbi kanye nemvelo ewonakalisayo.
   • Upende nezimbobo ze-organic: Hlinzeka ngesithiyo futhi ungaqukatha ama-inhibitors wokugqwala. Kudinga ukulungiselela okungaphezulu komhlaba ukuze kunamathelayo. Ngokuya ngomonakalo kanye nesimo sezulu, kudinga ukuvuma.
   • I-Metallic Coatings:
     • I-galvanizing: Coating nge-zinc (I-hot-chlisi i-galvaning noma i-electrogalvanvanvanvanvanving). I-zinc iyasebenza kakhulu kune-iron, Ngakho-ke i-corlodes ikhetha (Ukuvikelwa Komhlaba noma Ukuvikelwa Kwe-Cathodic) Noma ukuhlanganiswa kuklwebekile.
     • Indawo ebhekene: Ukunamathela ngezinsimbi ezinjenge-chromium, i-nickel, ithini, noma i-cadmium. Abanye banikela ngokuvikelwa okuvimbayo, abanye (njenge-chrome ngaphezulu kwe-nickel) Nikeza indawo yokuhlobisa futhi evinjelwe.
   • Izigqoko zokuguqula: Ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali njenge-phosphating noma i-oxide coative coating, okwakha okuncane, ungqimba olunamathela onikeza ukumelana nokukhulisa okuthambile futhi kuthuthukisa ukunamathela ngopende.
2. Ukubusa (Izinsimbi ze-Low-Alloy): Ukungezwa okuncane kwezinto ezinjengethusi, i-chromium, i-nickel, futhi i-phosphorus ingathuthukisa kancane ukumelana nokonakala komkhathi ngokwakha isendlalelo sokugqwala esinamathela ngaphezulu (isib., "I-Steel Yokuqalisa" njengeCor-Ten®). Nokho, lezi azikaqhathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali.
3. Ukuvikelwa kweCathodic: Ukwenza isakhiwo sensimbi yekhabhoni i-cathode yesitokisi se-electrochemical.
   • I-Abode ehlanganyelwe: Ukunamathisela insimbi esebenzayo esebenzayo (njenge-zinc, i-magnesium, noma i-aluminium) lezo zicrode esikhundleni sensimbi.
   • Kwahlatshwa umxhwele okwamanje: Ukusebenzisa i-DC yangaphandle yamanje ukuphoqa insimbi ukuze ibe yi-cathode.
     Isetshenziselwe izakhiwo ezinkulu njengepayipi, izikebhe zemikhumbi, namathangi okugcina.
4. Ukulawulwa Kwezemvelo: Ukuguqula imvelo ukuyenza icoceke kancane, isib., ukujeziswa, Kusetshenziswa ama-corrosion inhibitors ezinhlelweni ezivaliwe.

Lezi zinyathelo zengeza ezindlekweni nobunzima bokusebenzisa insimbi yekhabhoni kodwa kuvame ukudingekile ukuze kufezeke impilo yenkonzo eyamukelekayo.

4.3 "Ukuzilapha" Ifilimu elingenangqondo lensimbi engenasici

Ukwakheka:

Insimbi engagqwali (≥10.5% CR) kwakha omncane, Chromium Chromium oxide (Ikrizo₃) ungqimba lapho kuvezwa umoya-mpilo (umoya noma amanzi):
2Cr + 3/2 O₂ → CR₂O₃
Le filimu engenasisekelo ingama-nanometers ayi-1-5 aminyene kodwa anamathela ngokuqinile ebusweni futhi avimbela ukugcwala okuqhubekayo.

Izakhiwo Eziyinhloko:

• Ukuvikelwa kwesithiyo: Amabhlokhi izinto ezonakalisayo ekufinyeleleni insimbi.
• Amakhemikhali azinze: I-CR₂O₃ imelana nokuhlaselwa ezindaweni eziningi.
• Ukuzilapha: Uma kuklwebekile, Ungqimba uguquko ngaso leso sikhathi ekubusweni komoya-mpilo.
• -Khanyayo: Mncane kakhulu ukuthi i-luster yensimbi yensimbi ihlala ibonakala.

Izici Ukuthuthukisa Ukukhanya:

• I-Chromium: Ngaphezulu cr = ifilimu elinamandla.
• I-Molybdenum (Mo): Kuthuthukisa ukumelana nama-chlorides (isib., phakathi 316).
• I-Nickel (Ku): Izinza i-Autenite futhi ithuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwama-acid.
• Indawo ehlanzekile: Bushelelezi, Izindawo ezilandelwayo ezingenazihluthulelo zihamba phambili.

Ukulinganiselwa - lapho ungqimba lokuphawula luhluleka:

• Ukuhlasela kwe-chloride: Kuholela ekugqwaneni okukhohlisayo kanye ne-crevice.
• Ukunciphisa ama-acid: Ingahlakaza ungqimba olungenangqondo.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-oxygen: Ayikho i-oksijini = akukho ukuhanjiswa.
• Ukujobelwa: Ukwelashwa okushisa okungafanele kudala ukuncipha kwe-chromium emingceleni yokusanhlamvu; kuncishiswe yi-carbon ephansi noma amamaki ezinzile (isib., 304L, 316L).

Isiphetho:

Yize kungenjalo kungapheli, Ifilimu yokuzipholisa yensimbi engagqwali iyakunikeza ukuphakama, Ukumelana nokusolwa okuphansi okuphansi - enye yezinzuzo zayo ezinkulu kakhulu ngaphezulu kwensimbi yekhabhoni.

5. I-Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel: Ukucubungula kanye Nokukhiqiza

Umehluko ekuqashelweni kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-miscructure phakathi i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali kuholele ekuhlukahluka ekuziphatheni kwabo ngesikhathi sokucubungula okuvamile kanye nokukhiqiza imisebenzi.

5.1 Ukusika, Ukubumba, kanye ne-welding

Lezi zinqubo eziyisisekelo zokuqagela, nokukhethwa kohlobo lwensimbi kuyabathinta kakhulu.

Ukusika:

• Insimbi Yekhabhoni:
  • Ama-Steel Bron-Carbon ngokuvamile kulula ukusika usebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene: elangazela, ukubona, ukusika i-plasma, Ukusika kukagesi oxy (Ukusika ilangabi), kanye nokusika kwe-laser.
  • Ama-Steel aphakathi nendawo anamakhabhoni aba nzima ukusika njengoba okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kukhuphuka. Ukusika kukaphethiloli okotshani kusasebenza, Kepha ukusatshalaliswa kwentengo kungadingeka ezingxenyeni ezibanzi zamabanga aphezulu ekhabhoni ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka. Ukwenza imishini (ukubona, ukugaya) idinga izinto ezinzima zamathuluzi kanye nesivinini esihamba kancane.
• Insimbi engagqwali:
  • Ama-autenitic steressnsimbi (isib., 304, 316) baziwa ngesilinganiso sabo esinamandla sokuqina sokusebenza kanye nokungenisa okushisayo okuqhathaniswa nensimbi yekhabhoni. Lokhu kungabenza babe nzima ngokwengeziwe ngomshini (ukusika, ukubhoboza, gaya ngomshini). Badinga amathuluzi abukhali, Ukusetha okuqinile, Ijubane elihamba kancane, Okuphakelayo Okuphakeme, kanye nokuthambisa okuhle / ukupholisa ukuvikela ithuluzi lokugqoka kanye nokuqina kwe-workping. Ukusika kwe-plasma nokusika kwe-laser kuyasebenza. Azifinyezwanga ngezindlela zikaphethiloli ze-oxe-ngoba i-chromium oxide ivimbela i-oxidation edingekayo yenqubo.
  • Ama-werritic ama-stainless angenasici ngokuvamile akulula emshinini kune-auntenitics, Ngokuziphatha eduze kwensimbi ephansi yekhabhoni, Kepha kungaba ngandlela thile "gummy."
  • Ama-martensitic ama-stainless angenasisekelo esimweni sawo se-annealed askewAble, Kepha kungaba inselele. Esimweni sabo esilukhuni, Kunzima kakhulu emshinini futhi kuvame ukudinga ukugaya.
  • Ama-Duplex Ama-Steanless Amandla anamandla aphezulu futhi asebenze kanzima ngokushesha, Ukubenza kube nzima ngokwengeziwe ku-Auntenitics. Badinga ukulawula okuqinile kanye namapharamitha alungiselelwe.

Ukubumba (Ukuginqika, Umbhalo, -Dumile):

• Insimbi Yekhabhoni:
  • Ama-Steel Bron-Carbon abukeke kakhulu ngenxa ye-actility yawo enhle namandla aphansi wesivuno. Bangakwazi ukuguqulwa okubalulekile kwepulasitiki ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.
  • Ama-Steel Bron aphakathi nendawo aphezulu anciphise ukwakheka. Ukwakha kuvame ukudinga amandla amaningi, I-radii enqola enkulu, futhi kungadinga ukwenziwa emazingeni okushisa aphakeme noma esimweni esivelele.
• Insimbi engagqwali:
  • Ama-auntenitic ama-stainless anenhle kakhulu ngenxa ye-actility yawo ephakeme kanye nokubumbana okuhle, Naphezu kokuthambekela kwabo kokusebenza - lukhuni. Umsebenzi wokuqina womsebenzi ungazuzisa kweminye imisebenzi eyenziwe ngayo njengoba kwandisa amandla engxenye eyakhiwe. Nokho, Kusho futhi ukuthi amabutho aphezulu abilayo angadingeka ngokuqhathaniswa nensimbi ephansi yekhabhoni, futhi i-starkback ingabizwa ngokwengeziwe.
  • Ama-steritic ama-stainless ancibilike ngokuvamile anokuqina okuhle, kufana noma ngaphansi okuncane kunensimbi ephansi yekhabhoni, Kepha ingakhawulelwa yi-dectity yabo ephansi uma iqhathaniswa ne-auntenitics.
  • Ama-Sternsitic Steress angenacala anendlela engeyinhle, ikakhulukazi esimweni esinzima. Ukwakha kuvame ukwenziwa esimweni esiveziwe.
  • Ama-Druplex Ama-Steress angenawo amandla aphezulu kanye ne-dectility ephansi kune-auntenitics, Ubenze ukuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukwakha. Badinga amandla aphezulu athola amandla nokunaka ngokucophelela ukugoba i-radii.

Ukushisela:

Isakhiwo esiphelele: Ku i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali Qinisekisa ukubonwa okujwayelekile, Insimbi ephansi yekhabhoni imvamisa ilula futhi eshibhile ukusebenza nayo. Ama-autenitic steressnsimbi, Ngenkathi kubumba futhi kuyabonakala, IZINSELELE ZOKUQHAWULA NJENGOMISEBENZI WOKUSEBENZA KANYE NJENGE-DIBETS APPREPTESTETETETEES NEZIMALI.

5.2 Inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa

Ukwelashwa kokushisa kubandakanya ukufudumeza okulawulwayo nokupholisa kwezinsimbi ukuguqula izinto zazo ze-miccumpcure futhi zizuze izakhiwo zemishini ezifiselekayo.

Insimbi Yekhabhoni:

Ama-Carbon, ikakhulukazi amamaki aphakathi nendawo aphezulu, baphendula kakhulu ekuthini ukwelashwa okushisayo okuhlukahlukene:

• Anealing: Ukushisa nokupholisa kancane ukuthambisa insimbi, Thuthukisa i-CucTuctity nemishini, futhi unciphise izingcindezi zangaphakathi.
• -Nokuphamba: Ukushisa ngenhla kwezinga lokushisa elibucayi nokupholisa komoya ukuze uhlaziye ukwakheka kokusanhlamvu futhi uthuthukise ukufana kwezindawo.
• Ukuqina (Ukucisha): Ukufudumeza izinga lokushisa le-auntoniting bese kupholisa ngokushesha (ukucisha) emanzini, amafutha, noma umoya wokuguqula i-Aupenite yaba martensite, Isigaba esinzima kakhulu futhi esilula. Ama-steel kuphela anokuqukethwe ngokwanele kwekhabhoni (ngokuvamile >0.3%) ingaqina kakhulu ngokucishwa.
• Ukuthukuthela: Ukuvuselela okuqediwe (lukhuni) insimbi emazingeni okushisa athile angezansi kwebanga elibucayi, Ukubamba isikhathi, bese kupholisa. Lokhu kunciphisa ubucwebe, kunciphisa izingcindezi, futhi ithuthukise ubulukhuni, imvamisa ngokuncishiswa kobulukhuni namandla. Izakhiwo zokugcina zilawulwa izinga lokushisa elinolaka.
• Ukuqina Kwekesi (Ukucwazimula, Nitriding, njll.): Ukwelashwa okuqinisa ingaphezulu kwe-carbon noma i-nitrogen ebusweni bezingxenye zensimbi ephansi zekhabhoni ukudala kanzima, Icala elingamelana nalo ligqoke ngenkathi ligcina umnyombo onzima.

Insimbi engagqwali:

Izimpendulo zokwelashwa okushisa ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zensimbi engenasici:

• Ama-autenitic steressnsimbi: Ayinakuba nzima ukwelashwa kokushisa (ukuphefumula nokuphefumula) Ngoba isakhiwo sabo se-auntenitic sizinzile.
  • Anealing (Isixazululo Sonke): Ukushisa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (isib., 1000-1150° C noma 1850-2100 ° F) kulandelwa ukupholisa okusheshayo (Amanzi aqeda izigaba ezinkulu) ukuncibilikisa noma iyiphi i-carbusides ebekiwe futhi uqinisekise ukwakheka okugcwele kwe-autenitic. Lokhu kuthambisa okuqukethwe, kunciphisa izingcindezi ezivela kubandayo, futhi wandise ukumelana nokugqwala.
  • Ukunciphisa Ingcindezi: Kungenziwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi, Kepha ukunakekelwa kuyadingeka ukugwema ukuzwela kumabanga angewona angewona ama-L noma angazinzi.
• Ama-Ferritic Steel Agnainless: Ngokuvamile akulona lukhuni ukwelashwa okushisa. Zivame ukudedelwa ukuthuthukisa i-actility futhi zinciphise izingcindezi. Amanye amamaki angahlushwa ukufona uma ephethwe emivuleni ethile yokushisa.
• Ama-Sternsitic Insimbi Engagqwali: Ziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuthi zilukhuni ukwelashwa kokushisa. Inqubo ifaka phakathi:
  • -Nezinwele: Ukufudumeza kokushisa okuphezulu ukwakha i-aucen.
  • Ukucisha: Ukupholisa okusheshayo (emafutheni noma emoyeni, Kuya ngebanga) ukuguqula i-aupen to martensite.
  • Ukuthukuthela: Ukuvuselela izinga lokushisa elithile ukuze uzuze ibhalansi oyifunayo yobulukhuni, amandla, kanye nokuqina.
• Ama-duplex ama-stempless: Kuvame ukuhlinzekwa ngesimo esinqunyiwe nesicinile. Ukwelashwa okuvuselayo (isib., 1020-1100° C noma ngo-1870-2010 ° F) kubalulekile ekufezekiseni ibhalansi yesigaba se-Ferrite-auntenite efanelekile futhi uqede noma yiziphi izigaba ezilimazayo zokuxhumana.
• I-Treapitation-Harding (PH) Izinsimbi Ezingagqwali: Hlala phansi ukwelashwa okushisa okubili:
  • Ukwelashwa kwesisombululo (Anealing): Ifana ne-Autenitic Anveling, ukubeka izinto ezengeziwe zibe yisixazululo esiqinile.
  • Ukuguga (Ukuqina Kwemvula): Ukuvuselela izinga lokushisa eliphakathi (isib., 480-620° C noma 900-1150 ° F) Isikhathi esithile sokuvumela izinhlayiya ezinhle zokuxhumana ukuze ziqonde, amandla amakhulu nobulukhuni.

I i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali Ukuqhathanisa kwembula ukuthi ngenkathi ama-ston bronk amaningi ancike kakhulu ekuqedeni nasekutholeni izakhiwo zabo zokugcina, Ukwelashwa kokushisa kusondela ama-steres angenasici kuhluke kakhulu, iqondiswe ngohlobo lwayo oluthile lwe-mistructural.

6. I-Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel: Izindawo Zokufaka Isicelo

Izakhiwo ezihlukile ze i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali Ngokwemvelo ubaholele ukuze bathandeke ezindaweni ezihlukile zohlelo lokusebenza. Ukukhetha kuqhutshwa yizidingo zokusebenza, izimo zemvelo, Ukulindelwa Okude, kanye nezindleko.

6.1 Izindawo zohlelo lokusebenza lwensimbi engagqwali

Ukumelana ne-stainless's steel yokumelana nokuqina okuhlanganiswe nesikhalazo sayo sobuhle, Izakhiwo zehlazo, namandla amahle kumabanga amaningi, kwenza ilungele izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ezifunwayo:

Ukusebenza kokudla kanye ne-Culinary:

• Izisetshenziswa: Amathangi, amavimbe, ukubhobhoza, abahambisi, Ukulungiselela kutholakala ezitshalweni zokudla neziphuzo (Ngokuvamile 304L, 316L ngenhlanzeko nokuphikiswa kokugqwala).
• I-cookware ne-cutlery: Amabhodwe, amaphanulo, imimese, izimfoloko, izinkeso (Amabanga ahlukahlukene afana 304, 410, 420, 440C).
• Izinto zasekhishini: Osinki, Interiors yokuwashwa kwezitsha, Iminyango eqandisi, ohhavini.

Ezokwelapha nezemithi:

• Amathuluzi okuhlinza: Scalpels, amathole, ama-clamp (amamaki eMartensitic afana 420, 440C ngobulukhuni kanye nobukhali; Amanye ama-Auuntenitics afana ne-316L).
• Izimila zezokwelapha: Ukubuyiselwa okuhlangene (okhalweni, amadolo), izikulufo zethambo, izimila zamazinyo (Amamaki e-BioComp3 afana ne-316LVM, titanium futhi kuvamile).
• Okokusebenza kwemithi: Imikhumbi, ukubhobhoza, Futhi izakhi ezidinga ubumsulwa obuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuwohloka kwama-ejenti wokuhlanza.

Izimboni Zamakhemikhali Namakhemikhali:

• Amathangi, Imikhumbi, kanye nabaphenduli: Ukugcina nokucubungula amakhemikhali awonakalisayo (316L, Ama-Duplex Steel, auntenitics aphezulu).
• Amapayipi Amasistimu: Ukuhambisa uketshezi oluwonakalisayo.
• Ukushisa Okushibhile: Lapho ukumelana nokuphikiswa kokonakala nokudluliswa kwe-thermal kuyadingeka.

Izakhiwo kanye Nokwakha:

• Ingaphandle elicwengekile kanye nama-facades: Ukuqina nokukhanga kobuhle (isib., 304, 316).
• Uphahla futhi lukhanyisa: Okuhlala isikhathi eside nokugqwala.
• Amabizo, Ama-bales, kanye nokuhlobisa inquma: Ukubukeka kwesimanje nokulungiswa okuphansi.
• Izingxenye Zesakhiwo: Ezindaweni ezonakalisayo noma lapho kudingeka khona amandla aphezulu (Ama-Duplex Steel, ezinye izigaba ze-auntenitic).
• Ukuqiniswa kokhonkolo (Ukuphibhukwa): Ukuvuselelwa kwensimbi engagqwali kwezakhiwo ezindaweni ezonakalisayo (isib., amabhuloho ezindaweni ezisogwini) Ukuvimbela ukukhahlela ukhonkolo ngenxa yokwandiswa kokugqwala.

Izithuthi Nezokuhamba:

• Izinhlelo zokuqeda amandla: Amagobolondo okuguqula ama-catalytic, ama-mufflers, imisila (amamaki e-Ferritic afana 409, 439; Amanye ama-auntenitics wokusebenza okuphezulu).
• Amathangi kaphethiloli nemigqa: Ukumelana nokugqwala.
• Nquma nezingxenye zokuhlobisa.
• Izakhi zezakhiwo emabhasini nasezitimeleni.

I-Aerospace:

• Izingxenye ezinamandla aphezulu: Izingxenye zenjini, Izakhi zegiya lokufika, ama-fasteners (Ph ama-stainle ama-stainle, Amanye amabanga afezekinic).
• I-Hydraulic tubing kanye nemigqa yamafutha.

Izindawo zasolwandle:

• Ukufakwa kwesikebhe: Ama-cleats, izinsimbi, abaxhasi, imiphini (316L, I-Duplex Steel yokumelana ne-chloride ephezulu).
• Amapulatifomu kawoyela kanye nogesi wegesi: Ipayipi, izingxenye zesakhiwo.

Ukukhiqiza Amandla:

• Ama-turbine blades: (Amamaki we-martensitic kanye nama-PH).
• I-Heat Exchanger Tubsing, I-condenser tubing.
• Izakhi zamandla enuzi.

Imboni ye-Pulp nephepha:

Imishini evezwe amakhemikhali wokufafaza asolisayo.

6.2 Izindawo zohlelo lwensimbi yekhabhoni

Insimbi ye-carbon, Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle zemishini, Ukuguquguquka ngokulandela ukwelashwa kokushisa, Ukwakheka okuhle kakhulu (Kwamabanga aphansi ekhabhoni), futhi kuncishiswe kakhulu izindleko, ihlala i-workhose impahla yenani elikhulu lezicelo lapho ukumelana ngokweqile kokugqwala akuyona ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko noma lapho kungavikelwa khona ngokwanele.

Ukwakha kanye nengqalasizinda:

• Amajamo enhlaka: I-imishayo, H-Beams, iziteshi, ama-engeli wokwakha ozimele, amabhuloho, nezinye izakhiwo (imvamisa iphansi kuma-medium-carbon sten).
• Imigoqo yokuqinisa (Ukuphibhukwa): Zezakhiwo zokhonkolo (Noma i-stainless isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo).
• Ipayipi: Ngamanzi, igesi, nokudluliselwa kawoyela (isib., Amabanga we-API 5l).
• Ishidi Piling kanye Nezisekelo Izinqwaba.
• Uphahla futhi uceleni (Kuvame ukuhlanganiswa): Amashidi ensimbi enziwe ngopende noma apendwe.

Imboni Yezimoto:

• Imizimba yemoto ne-chassis: Amaphaneli anqunyiwe, khama (amamaki ahlukahlukene amatshe aphansi naphakathi ne-carbon, kufaka phakathi amandla aphezulu aphansi-alloy (Hsla) Ama-Steel Aluhlobo lwensimbi yekhabhoni ene-microallooling).
• Izingxenye zenjini: Ama-crankshaft, izinduku zokuxhuma, ama-camshafts (I-Medium-Carbon, Insimbi ekhethiwe).
• Amagiya kanye nemicibisholo: (Medium to augh-carbon, Imvamisa - kunzima kakhulu noma ngenziwe lukhuni).
• Ama-fasteners: Amabhoshi, amantongomane, izikulufu.

Imishini kanye Nezisetshenziswa:

• Ozimele umshini nezisekelo.
• Amagiya, Imiphimbo, Ukuhlanganisa, Amabhere (imvamisa i-carbon noma i-alloy ekhethekile).
• Amathuluzi: Amathuluzi esandla (izande, Ama-Wrenches - Medium-Carbon), amathuluzi okusika (izivivinyo, ama-chisels - I-High-Carbon).
• Imishini yezolimo: Amapulazi, ama-Harrows, izingxenye zesakhiwo.

Umkhakha Wamandla:

• Amapayipi: Ngokuhamba kwamafutha negesi (Njengoba kushiwo).
• Amathangi wokugcina: Owamafutha, igesi, namanzi (imvamisa nge-coatings yangaphakathi noma ukuvikelwa kwe-cathodic).
• Drill Pipes kanye Casings.

Ukuhamba kwezitimela:

• Amathrekhi wesitimela (Ojantshi): I-High-Carbon, insimbi engasho lutho.
• Amasondo nama-axles.
• Imizimba Yezimoto Ezihambayo.

Ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi (Izinhlaka ze-Hull):

• Ngenkathi isetshenziselwa ama-stainless for ukufakwa, Izakhiwo eziphambili ze-Hull zemikhumbi emikhulu yezentengiso zenziwa ngensimbi yekhabhoni (amamaki ahlukahlukene wensimbi yasolwandle efana nebanga a, AH36, D36) Ngenxa yezindleko kanye nokushaywa kwe-weldatiability, ngezinhlelo ezibanzi zokuvikelwa kokugqwala.

Amathuluzi okukhiqiza futhi afa:

• Ama-Steel Bronth Carbon (ithuluzi lamathuluzi, okungaba yikhabhoni ecacile noma ehlanganisiwe) zisetshenziselwa ama-punches, uyafa, isikhunta, kanye namathuluzi okusika ngenxa yekhono labo lokuqina emazingeni aphezulu.

I i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali Ukuqhathanisa kohlelo lokusebenza kukhombisa ukuthi ama-carbon zensimbi abusa lapho izindleko namandla okushayela kanye nokugqwala okuyisisekelo kungalawulwa khona, ngenkathi insimbi engagqwali ama-exlels lapho ukumelana nokuqina, isayensi ephathelene nempilo, noma ama-aesthetic athile ahlekisayo / izinga lokushisa eliphakeme abucayi.

7. Ukuhlaziywa kwezindleko kanye nezomnotho: I-Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel

Isici sezomnotho yinto enkulu ku i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali inqubo yokwenza izinqumo. Lokhu akuhileli nje izindleko zokuqala zezinto ezibonakalayo kodwa futhi kuyacubungula, ukunakekela, kanye nezindleko zokuphila.

7.1 Ukuqhathanisa izindleko ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo

Insimbi Yekhabhoni:

Ngokuvamile, I-Carbon Insimbi iphansi kakhulu Intengo yokuthenga yokuqala isisindo seyunithi ngayinye (isib., iphawundi ngalinye noma ngekhilogremu) qhathanisa nensimbi engagqwali. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko kungenxa yokuthi:

• Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziningi eziluhlaza: I-Iron nekhabhoni kutholakala kalula futhi akubizi kakhulu.
• Ukulungiswa okulula: Akudingi izinto ezibizayo ezifana ne-chromium, i-nickel, noma i-molybdenum ngamanani amakhulu.
• Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza Ezivuthiwe: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-carbon yensimbi kuyinqubo elungiselelwe kakhulu futhi enkulu.

Insimbi engagqwali:

Insimbi engagqwali ibiza kakhulu ngenduna ngenxa:

• Izindleko zezakhi zezabelo: Abashayeli bezindleko eziyinhloko yizinto ezenziwayo ezihlinzeka ngezakhiwo zayo "ezingenasisekelo":
  • I-Chromium (Cr): Okuncane nje okufanele 10.5%, kuvame ukuphakama.
  • I-Nickel (Ku): Ingxenye ebalulekile kumabanga we-autenitic (thanda 304, 316), Futhi i-nickel iyinsimbi ebiza kakhulu ngamanani emakethe aguquguqukayo.
  • I-Molybdenum (Mo): Ingezwe ngokumelana nokukhulisa okuthuthukisiwe (isib., phakathi 316), Futhi futhi kuyinto ebizayo.
  • Ezinye izinto ezifana ne-titanium, i-niobium, njll., Futhi engeza ezindlekweni.
• Ukukhiqizwa okuyinkimbinkimbi: Izinqubo zokukhiqiza zensimbi engenasici, kufaka phakathi ukuncibilika, ukucweliswa (isib., I-Argon Opygen Decalruburization - AoD), futhi ulawule izingoma eziqondile, ingaba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe futhi inamandla kunensimbi yekhabhoni.

7.2 Ukucubungula izindleko nezindleko zokugcina

Izindleko zokuqala ezibonakalayo ziyingxenye ye-equation yezomnotho kuphela.

Ukucubungula izindleko (Into engekho):

• Insimbi Yekhabhoni:
  • Ukwenza imishini: Ngokuvamile kulula futhi ngokushesha emshinini, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphansi zokuthola amandla kanye nesikhathi sabasebenzi.
  • Ukushisela: Insimbi ephansi yekhabhoni kulula ukuyivula ngezinqubo ezingabizi kakhulu zokudla kanye nezinqubo ezilula. Ama-Steelbon aphezulu adinga okukhethekile (futhi kubize) Izinqubo ze-Welding.
  • Ukubumba: Insimbi ephansi yekhabhoni yakhiwa kalula ngamabutho aphansi.
• Insimbi engagqwali:
  • Ukwenza imishini: Kungaba nzima ngokwengeziwe, ikakhulukazi amamaki we-auntenitic kanye nama-duplex, Ngenxa yokuqina kokuqina kanye nokuvuselelwa okuphansi okushisayo. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekuhambeni kwamamaini kancane, I-Lexsel Ithuluzi Ukugqoka, kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zabasebenzi.
  • Ukushisela: Dinga izinsimbi ezikhethekile ze-filler, imvamisa ama-welders anamakhono amaningi, nokulawula ngokucophelela kokufaka kokushisa. Igesi Evikelekile (isib., I-Argon ye-TIG) kubalulekile.
  • Ukubumba: Amamaki e-auntenitic abunjiwe kepha adinga amabutho aphezulu ngenxa yokuqina komzimba. Amanye amamaki angaba inselele enkulu.
    Sekukonke, Izindleko zokuqamba zezakhi zensimbi ezingenasici zivame ukuphakama kunezakhi ezifanayo ze-carbon zensimbi.

Izindleko zokulungisa:

Yilapho i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali Ukuqhathanisa kuvame ukuvumela insimbi engenasici ngaphezulu kwesikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezilonakalisayo.

• Insimbi Yekhabhoni:
  • Idinga ukunamathela kokuqala okuvikelayo (ukupenda, gleganing).
  • Lezi zimbozo zinempilo ephelele futhi zizodinga ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ukulungisa, nokuvuselela impilo yonke yenkonzo yengxenye ukuvikela ukugqwala. Lokhu kufaka phakathi umsebenzi, izinto zokwakha, futhi kungenzeka isikhathi sokuphumula.
  • Uma ukugqwala kulawulwa ngokwanele, Ubuqotho bezinhlekelele bungahlehliswa, okuholela ekubizeni okubizayo noma okunye esikhundleni.
• Insimbi engagqwali:
  • Ngokuvamile kudinga ukulungiswa okuncane kokuvikelwa kokugqwala ngenxa yesendlalelo sayo sokungenayo.
  • Ukugcina ukubukeka, Ikakhulu ezindaweni ezinamadiphozithi angaphezulu, Ukuhlanza ngezikhathi ezithile kungadingeka - kepha imvamisa kuvame kakhulu futhi kuncane kakhulu kunokubuyisa insimbi yekhabhoni.
  • Uhlobo "lokuzilapha" lwefilimu lokuphambuka lusho ukuklwebheka okuncane kaningi aluzihlehli ukumelana kwalo kokugqwala.

Lokhu kuncishiswa okuphambili kokulondolozwa kungaholela emalini ethe xaxa yokonga ngensimbi engenasici.

7.3 Izindleko zokujikeleza kwempilo (I-LCC) nokuphinda usebenzise kabusha

Ukuqhathaniswa kwezomnotho kwangempela kufanele kubheke wonke umjikelezo wokuphila.

Izindleko zokujikeleza kwempilo (I-LCC):

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-LCC kufaka phakathi:

1. Izindleko Zokuqala Zokusebenza
2. Izindleko zokuqamba kanye nokufakwa
3. Izindleko Zokusebenza (Uma kukhona okuhlobene nokuqukethwe)
4. Izindleko zokulungisa kanye nokulungisa impilo yenkonzo okuhlosiwe
5. Inani lokulahla noma ukuvumelanisa kabusha ekugcineni kwempilo

Lapho i-LCC ibhekwa, insimbi engagqwali ingavame ukuba neminotho ethe xaxa kunensimbi yekhabhoni kuzicelo lapho:

• Imvelo iyawohloka.
• Ukufinyelela kokulungisa kunzima noma kubize.
• Isikhathi sokugcina sokulungisa akwamukeleki.
• Impilo yenkonzo ende iyadingeka.
• Inani lobuhle nokuhlanzeka kwensimbi engenasici kubalulekile.
  Izindleko eziphakeme zokuqala zensimbi engenasici zingasuswa yizindleko zokulungiswa okuphansi futhi isikhathi eside, Impilo Ethembekile Ethembekile.

Sebenzisa kabusha:

Kokubili insimbi ye-carbon kanye nensimbi engenasici zingokwezinto ezisetshenziswa kabusha, okuyinto ebalulekile yemvelo nezomnotho inzuzo.

• Insimbi Yekhabhoni: Iphinde yavuselela kabusha. I-Steel Scrap iyingxenye enkulu ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi okusha.
• Insimbi engagqwali: Futhi iphinde isebenze kakhulu. Izinto ezesalisayo (i-chromium, i-nickel, i-molybdenum) E-scrap yensimbi engagqwali ibalulekile futhi ingatholwa futhi isetshenziswe kabusha ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi entsha engagqwali noma ezinye ama-alloys. Lokhu kusiza ukonga izinsiza zemvelo futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuqhathaniswe nokukhiqizwa okuyisisekelo. Inani eliphakeme eliphakeme le-scrap yensimbi engenasici lisho ukuthi livame ukulalela inani elingcono kune-carbon iron scrap.

Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kufaka isandla kwi-LCC yazo zombili izinto ngokuhlinzeka ngenani eliyinsalela ekugcineni kwempilo yabo yenkonzo.

8. Umhlahlandlela wokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo: I-Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel

Ukukhetha phakathi i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali idinga indlela ehlelekile, Uma ucabanga ngezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nezakhiwo zezinto ngakunye.

Lesi sigaba sinikeza umhlahlandlela wokusiza ukuzulazula kule nqubo yokukhetha.

8.1 Ukuhlaziywa Kwezidingo Zokusebenza

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuchaza ngokucacile izidingo ezisebenzayo zengxenye noma isakhiwo:

Imithwalo yemishini nokucindezela:

Yini okulindelwe okulindelwe, -cindezelayo, phuca, ukugoba, noma imithwalo ye-torsional?

Ingabe i-static elayisha noma enamandla (ukudinwa)?

Yimithwalo yomthelela obekulindelwe?

Ukuhola:

Onjiniyela bangase bakhethe insimbi ephethwe yi-carbon ephethwe ngamanzi noma amandla aphezulu angenazinsimbi afana neMartensitic, PH, noma amamaki ama-duplex lapho adinga amandla aphezulu kakhulu.

Ngezinhloso ezijwayelekile zezinhloso ezinemithwalo ephakathi, I-Medium-Carbon Steel noma amamaki ensimbi ajwayelekile afana 304/316 (ikakhulukazi uma kusebenza kubanda) noma i-6061-T6 ingokwanele.

Uma ubunzima obuphezulu kanye nokumelana nomthelela kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ama-auntenitic stainless aphakeme.

Ama-Steel Brobhon anamandla nawo aqinile.

Ukushisa okusebenzayo:

Ngabe isakhi sizosebenza ku-ambient, -kangene, noma amazinga okushisa we-cryogenic?

Ukuhola:

Ama-auntenitic ama-stainless angenacala agcina amandla amahle nobunzima obuhle kakhulu emazingeni okushisa ama-cryogenic.

Amanye amabanga angenasici (isib., 304H, 310, 321) nikeza ukumelana okuhle nokuqina kwamandla emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.

Ama-Carbon Ston anganciphisa ubulukhuni emazingeni okushisa aphansi (I-DBTT) namandla asemazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu (ishuminanenana).

I-Acleoled Carbon Steel isetshenziselwa insiza yokushisa ephezulu (isib., Amashubhu e-boiler).

Gqoka kanye nokumelana ne-abrasion:

Ngabe ingxenye izofakwa ngaphansi kokuslayida, isihlikihla, noma izinhlayiya ezinobunzima?

Ukuhola:

Ngokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu, Abaningi bakhetha insimbi ephethwe yi-carbon ephethe ukushisa noma insimbi engenacala njenge-440C.

Ama-autenitic ama-stainless angenazinsina kalula; Cabanga ngezindlela zokwelapha noma amamaki anzima uma ukugqoka kuyinto ekhathazayo.

Ukulungiswa kanye Nezidingo Zokuqwashisa:

Ngabe ukwakheka kubandakanya ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kudinga ukwakha okubanzi?

Ngabe isakhi sizofakwa i-weldent?

Ukuhola:

Ngokwendlela ephezulu, Insimbi ephansi yekhabhoni noma insimbi ye-auntenitic engenasisekelo (Njengama-304-o) kuhle kakhulu.

Uma i-welding iyingxenye enkulu yokubumba, Ama-Steel Bron ne-Auntenitic angenasici ngokuvamile kulula kakhulu ukuwela ngaphezu kwama-carbon steel noma ama-martensitic steress steres.

Cabanga ukunqotshwa kwamabanga athile.

8.2 Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo Nokuphepha

Imvelo yenkonzo kanye nanoma yiziphi izici ezibucayi eziphephile zibalulekile:

Imvelo Ekhulisayo:

Uhlobo luni lwemvelo (isib., emkhathini, amanzi ahlanzekile, amanzi anosawoti, Ukuvezwa Kwamakhemikhali)?

Ukuhola:

Yilapho insimbi engenasici ivame ukuba yikhetho oluzenzakalelayo.

Imnene atshoscheric: I-Carbon yensimbi enokuhlanganiswa okuhle kungenzeka yanele. 304 SS for NEDETETION.

Marine / Chloride: 316 SS, I-Duplex SS, noma ama-alloy aphezulu. I-Carbon Steel ibingadinga ukuvikelwa okuqinile nokuqhubekayo.

Amakhemikhali: Amabanga athile ensimbi engenasici (noma amanye ama-alloys akhethekile) Iqondiswe kumakhemikhali.

Izidingo Zokuhlanzeka:

Uhlelo lokusebenza ekusebenzeni kokudla, ezokwelapha, noma izimboni zezemithi lapho ukuhlanzeka kanye nokungabi nalusizo kubalulekile?

Ukuhola:

Iningi lincamela insimbi engenasici - ikakhulukazi amamaki auntenitic afana ne-304L kanye ne-316L-ngokubushelelezi kwayo, indawo engeyona ye-porous, Ukuhlanza okulula, kanye nokuphikiswa kokugqwala okuvimbela ukungcoliswa.

Izidingo zobuhle:

Ukubukeka okubukwayo kwengxenye ebalulekile?

Ukuhola:

Insimbi engenasici inikeza uhla olubanzi lokuqedwa okukhangayo futhi okuqinile.

I-Carbon Steel idinga ukupensa noma ukufaka amafayili ama-aesthetics.

Izakhiwo Zezibuthe:

Ngabe uhlelo lokusebenza ludinga izinto ezingezona amabuthe, noma uWugnetism owamukelekayo / efiselekayo?

Ukuhola:

I-Carbon Insimbi ihlala iyizibuthe.

Insimbi engenacala (-bothalekiwe) akwenzi lutho kazibuthe.

I-Ferritic, umfelinsitic, futhi ama-nsimbi angenacala amnyama.

Ukuvikelwa Ukuphepha:

Yini imiphumela yokwehluleka ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo (isib., Ukulahleka Kwezomnotho, ukulimala kwemvelo, isikhubazo, Ukulahlekelwa Impilo)?

Ukuhola:

Ukuze uthole izicelo ezibucayi zokuphepha, Onjiniyela bavame ukuthatha indlela egciniwe, Imvamisa ukukhetha izinto ezibizayo ezinikezela ukwethenjwa okuphezulu nokubikezela endaweni yensizakalo.

Lokhu kungancika ekubhekeni amamaki athile angenamicibi uma ukugqwala kuyingozi yehluleka ye-carbon.

8.3 Isinqumo Esiphelele Matrix: I-Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel

Isinqumo matrix singasiza ukuqhathanisa ngokuhlelekile okukhethwa kukho.

Izikolo ezingezansi zijwayelekile (1 = Mpofu, 5 = Kuhle kakhulu); amamaki athile ngaphakathi komndeni ngamunye ahlaziseke kabusha.

Isinqumo esenziwe lula matrix - I-Carbon Steel vs insimbi engagqwali (Ukuqhathanisa okujwayelekile)

Ukwenza ukukhetha okulungile ku i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali I-Dilemma idinga ukuhlanganiswa kokuqonda isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, Izidingo zohlelo lokusebenza, namaqiniso ezomnotho.

9. FAQ: I-Carbon Steel vs Stainless Steel

Q1: Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwensimbi yekhabhoni nensimbi engagqwali?

A: Umehluko omkhulu ukwequkethwe kwe-chromium-insimbi engagqwali okungenani okungenani 10.5%, kwakha isendlalelo esivikela i-oxide esimelana ne-corrosion, Ngenkathi i-carbon yensimbi iswele lokhu nokugqwala ngaphandle kokuvikelwa.

Okwabomvana: Insimbi engenasici ingcono njalo kune-carbon steel?

A: Insimbi engenasici ayihlale ingcono - iya ngokuya ngesicelo.

Inikeza ukumelana nokuqina okuphezulu kanye nama-aesthetics.

Ngenkathi i-carbon yensimbi ingaba namandla, Ngokuqinile kakhulu, Kulula emshinini noma webhusayithi, futhi imvamisa eshibhile.

Izinto ezinhle kakhulu yilezo ezifanelana nokusebenza okuthile, ukuqina, nezidingo zezindleko.

I-Q3: Kungani insimbi engagqwali ibiza kakhulu kune-carbon steel?

A: Insimbi engenasici ibiza kakhulu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezinto ezibizayo ezifana ne-chromium, i-nickel, kanye ne-molybdenum, nenqubo yayo yokukhiqiza eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.

I-Q4: Ngingayifaka insimbi engenacala emotweni yekhabhoni?

A: Insimbi engenacala elingagqwali ku-carbon yensimbi usebenzisa i-welding yensimbi engafani kahle idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

Izinselelo zifaka ukwanda okuhlukile kwe-thermal, ukufuduka kwekhabhoni, kanye nokugqwala okungaba khona kwe-galvanic.

Usebenzisa izinsimbi ze-filler like 309 noma 312 Insimbi engenasici isiza umehluko obonakalayo webhuloho. Idizayini ehlanganyelwe efanelekile kanye necebo libalulekile.

10. Isiphetho

Ukuqhathanisa kwe i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali kwembula imindeni emibili eguquguqukayo ehlukahlukene kodwa ehlukile yama-alloys we-ferrous, ngamunye onephrofayili eyingqayizivele yezakhiwo, izinzuzo, kanye nokulinganiselwa.

Insimbi ye-carbon, kuchazwa ngokuqukethwe kwayo kwekhabhoni, inikeza inani elibanzi lezakhiwo zemishini, ukwakheka okuhle (ikakhulukazi amamaki aphansi ekhabhoni), kanye nokushaywa okuhle kakhulu, konke ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu zokuqala.

Isithende sayo se-Achilles, nokho, kungukucabanga kwayo okungokwemvelo kokugqwala, Ukudinga izindlela zokuvikela ezindaweni eziningi.

Insimbi engagqwali, kubonakaliswa ubuncane balo 10.5% okuqukethwe kwe-chromium, zihlukanisa ngokwazo ngokuyinhloko ngamakhono ayo amangalisayo wokumelana nokugqwala ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwe-passive, Ukuzenzela i-chromium oxide ungqimba.

Ngale kwalokho, Imindeni ehlukene yensimbi engenasici-autenitic, -fuvumbili, umfelinsitic, duphaza, futhi i-PH-anikeze uhlu oluningi lwezakhiwo zemishini, Ukusuka ebulisweni obuhle kakhulu kanye ne-dectility enhle kubulukhuni obukhulu namandla, kanye nombuhlo wezingcweti.

Lezi zinto ezithuthukisiwe, nokho, woza ngezindleko eziphakeme zokuqala futhi uvame ukufaka amasu akhethekile wokuqamba amakhono.

Isinqumo phakathi i-carbon steel vs insimbi engagqwali akuyona into eyodwa ephakeme emhlabeni wonke.

Esikhundleni, Ukukhetha kuncike ekuhlaziyweni okuphelele kwezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza.